2016 -- S 2377

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LC004266

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     STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2016

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A N   A C T

RELATING TO LABOR AND LABOR RELATIONS -- HEALTHY WORKPLACE

     Introduced By: Senators Ciccone, Satchell, DiPalma, Archambault, and Lombardi

     Date Introduced: February 10, 2016

     Referred To: Senate Labor

     It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:

     SECTION 1. Title 28 of the General Laws entitled "LABOR AND LABOR

RELATIONS" is hereby amended by adding thereto the following chapter:

CHAPTER 52.1

THE HEALTHY WORKPLACE ACT OF 2016

     28-52.1-1. Short title. – This act shall be known and may be cited as "The Healthy

Workplace Act of 2016".

     28-52.1-2. Legislative findings and purpose. -- The legislature finds that:

     (1) The social and economic well-being of the state is dependent upon healthy and

productive employees;

     (2) Nearly a one-third (1/3) of all employees will directly experience health-endangering

workplace bullying, abuse, and harassment during their working lives, and this form of

mistreatment is approximately four (4) times more prevalent than sexual harassment alone;

     (3) Workplace bullying, mobbing, and harassment can inflict serious harm upon targeted

employees, including feelings of shame and humiliation, severe anxiety, depression, suicidal

tendencies, impaired immune systems, hypertension, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and

symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder;

     (4) Abusive work environments can have serious consequences for employers, including

reduced employee productivity and morale, higher turnover and absenteeism rates, and increases

in medical and workers' compensation claims;

     (5) If mistreated employees who have been subjected to abusive treatment at work cannot

establish the behavior was motivated by race, color, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, or

age, they are unlikely to be protected by the law against such mistreatment;

     (6) Legal protection from abusive work environments should not be limited to behavior

grounded in protected class status as that provided for under employment discrimination statutes;

     (7) Existing workers' compensation plans and common law tort actions are inadequate to

discourage this behavior or to provide adequate relief to employees who have been harmed by

abusive work environments; and

     (8) It is the purpose of this chapter:

     (i) To provide legal relief for employees who have been harmed, psychologically,

physically, or economically, by deliberate exposure to abusive work environments;

     (ii) To provide legal incentive for employers to prevent and respond to abusive

mistreatment of employees at work.

     28-52.1-3. Definitions. -- (a) For the purposes of this chapter:

     (1) "Abusive conduct" means and includes acts, omissions, or both, that a reasonable

person would find abusive based on the severity, nature, and frequency of the conduct. Abusive

conduct may include, but is not limited to:

     (i) Repeated verbal abuse such as the use of derogatory remarks, insults, epithets;

     (ii) Verbal, or non-verbal, or physical conduct of a threatening, intimidating, or

humiliating nature; or

     (iii) The sabotage or undermining of an employee's work performance.

     (iv) It shall be considered an aggravating factor that the conduct exploited an employee's

known psychological or physical illness or disability. A single act normally will not constitute

abusive conduct, but an especially severe and egregious act may meet this standard.

     (2) "Abusive work environment" means and exists when an employer or one or more of

its employees, acting with intent to cause pain and distress to an employee, subjects that

employee to abusive conduct that causes physical harm, psychological harm, or both.

      (3) "Adverse employment action" means and includes, but is not limited to, a

termination, demotion, unfavorable reassignment, failure to promote, disciplinary action, or

reduction in compensation.

     (4) "Constructive discharge" means and shall be considered a termination, and therefore,

and adverse employment action within the meaning of this chapter. A constructive discharge for

purposes of this chapter exists where:

     (i) The employee reasonably believed they were subjected to an abusive work

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environment;

     (ii) The employee resigned because of that conduct;

     (iii) The employer was aware of the abusive conduct prior to the resignation and failed to

stop it.

     (5) "Physical harm" means the impairment of a person's physical health or bodily

integrity, as established by competent evidence.

     (6) "Psychological harm" means the impairment of a person's mental health, as

established by competent evidence.

     28-52.1-4. Unlawful employment practices. -- (a) It shall be an unlawful employment

practice under this chapter to subject an employee to an abusive work environment as defined in

§28-52.1-2.

     (b) It shall be an unlawful employment practice under this chapter to retaliate in any

manner against an employee who has opposed any unlawful employment practice under this

chapter, who has made a charge, testified, assisted, or who has participated in any manner in an

investigation or proceeding under this chapter, including, but not limited to, internal complaints

and proceedings, arbitration and mediation proceedings, and legal actions.

     28-52.1-5. Employer liability and defense. -- (a) An employer shall be vicariously liable

for any unlawful employment practice committed by their employee.

     (b) Where the alleged unlawful employment practice does not include an adverse

employment action, it shall be an affirmative defense for an employer that:

     (1) The employer exercised reasonable care to prevent and promptly correct any

actionable behavior; and

     (2) The complainant employee unreasonably failed to take advantage of appropriate

preventive or corrective opportunities provided by the employer.

     28-52.1-6. Employee liability and defense. -- (a) An employee may be individually

liable for an unlawful employment practice as defined by this chapter.

     (b) It shall be an affirmative defense for an employee only that the employee committed

an unlawful employment practice as defined by this chapter at the direction of the employer,

under actual or implied threat of an adverse employment action.

     28-52.1-7. Affirmative defenses. -- It shall be an affirmative defense that:

     (1) The complaint is based on an adverse employment action reasonably made for poor

performance, misconduct, or economic necessity; or

     (2) The complaint is based on reasonable performance evaluation; or

     (3) The complaint is based on an employer's reasonable investigation about potentially

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illegal or unethical activity.

     28-52.1-8. Relief and limitations on employer liability. -- (a) Relief generally. Where a

party is liable for an unlawful employment practice under this chapter, the court may enjoin the

defendant from engaging in the unlawful employment practice, and may order any other relief

that is deemed appropriate, including, but not limited to, reinstatement, removal of the offending

party from the complainant's work environment, back pay, front pay, medical expenses,

compensation for pain and suffering, compensation for emotional distress, punitive damages, and

attorney's fees.

     (b) Limitations on employer liability. Where an employee is liable for an unlawful

employment practice under this chapter that did not include an adverse employment action,

emotional distress damages and punitive damages may be awarded only when the actionable

conduct was extreme and outrageous. This limitation does not apply to individually named

employee defendants.

     28-52.1-9. Private right of action. -- (a) This chapter shall be enforced solely by a

private right of action.

     (b) An action under this chapter must be commenced not later than one year after the last

act that constitutes the alleged unlawful employment practice.

     28-52.1-10. Effect on other legal relationships. -- (a) This chapter does not supersede

any rights and obligations provided under collective bargaining laws and regulations.

     (b) The remedies provided in this chapter shall be in addition to any remedies provided

under any other law, and nothing in this chapter shall relieve any person from any liability, duty,

penalty or punishment provided by any other law, except that if an employee receives workers'

compensation for medical costs for the same injury or illness pursuant to both this chapter and the

workers' compensation law, or compensation under both this chapter and that law in cash

payments for the same period of time not working as a result of the compensable injury or illness

or the unlawful employment practice, the payment of workers' compensation shall be reimbursed

from the compensation paid under this chapter.

     SECTION 2. This act shall take effect upon passage.

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EXPLANATION

BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

OF

A N   A C T

RELATING TO LABOR AND LABOR RELATIONS -- HEALTHY WORKPLACE

***

     This act would establish a cause of action against employers and employees for

workplace bullying, harassment and other abusive conduct that is tolerated by employers and

which may not fall into other categories already protected such as race, color and sex or sexual

orientation.

     This act would take effect upon passage.

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