2019 -- H 5125 SUBSTITUTE B

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LC000518/SUB B/2

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     STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2019

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A N   A C T

RELATING TO HEALTH AND SAFETY - THE REPRODUCTIVE PRIVACY ACT

     

     Introduced By: Representatives Williams, Blazejewski, Alzate, Barros, and Shanley

     Date Introduced: January 16, 2019

     Referred To: House Judiciary

     It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:

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     SECTION 1. Title 23 of the General Laws entitled "HEALTH AND SAFETY" is hereby

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amended by adding thereto the following chapter:

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CHAPTER 4.13

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REPRODUCTIVE PRIVACY ACT

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     23-4.13-1. Short title.

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     This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Reproductive Privacy Act."

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     23-4.13-2. Noninterference in reproductive health care.

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     (a) Neither the state, nor any of its agencies, or political subdivisions shall:

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     (1) Restrict an individual person from preventing, commencing, continuing, or

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terminating that individual's pregnancy prior to fetal viability;

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     (2) Interfere with an individual person’s decision to continue that individual's pregnancy

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after fetal viability;

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     (3) Restrict an individual person from terminating that individual's pregnancy after fetal

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viability when necessary to preserve the health or life of that individual;

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     (4) Restrict the use of evidence-based, medically recognized methods of contraception or

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abortion except in accordance with evidence-based medically appropriate standards that are in

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compliance with state and federal statutes enumerated in subsections (c)(1) and (c)(2), department

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of health regulations and standards referenced in subsection (c)(3), and subsection (d); or

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     (5) Restrict access to evidence-based, medically recognized methods of contraception or

 

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abortion or the provision of such contraception or abortion except in accordance with evidence-

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based medically appropriate standards that are in compliance with state and federal statutes

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enumerated in subsections (c)(1) and (c)(2), department of health regulations and standards

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referenced in subsection (c)(3), and subsection (d).

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     (b) For purposes of this section, "fetal viability" means that stage of gestation where the

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attending physician, taking into account the particular facts of the case, has determined that there

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is a reasonable likelihood of the fetus' sustained survival outside of the womb with or without

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artificial support.

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     (c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this section shall not be construed to:

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     (1) Abrogate the provisions of §§ 11-9-18 titled "Care of babies born alive during

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attempted abortions", 11-54-1 titled "Experimentation on human fetuses", 23-4.6-1 titled

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"Consent to medical and surgical care", 23-4.7-1 through 23-4.7-8 titled "Informed consent for

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abortion", 23-13-21 titled "Comprehensive reproductive health services", 23-17-11 titled

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"Abortion and sterilization -- Protection for nonparticipation -- Procedure", or 42-157-3(d) of the

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section titled "Rhode Island Health Benefit Exchange -- General requirements";

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     (2) Abrogate the provisions of 18 U.S. Code § 1531, titled "Partial-birth abortions

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prohibited" and cited as the "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003";

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     (3) Prevent the department of health from applying to licensed health care facilities that

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provide abortion any generally applicable regulations or standards that are in accordance with

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evidence-based, medically recognized standards for the provision of abortion in compliance with

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state and federal statutes enumerated in subsections (c)(1) and (c)(2) and with subsection (d),

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provided that such application, adoption or enforcement is not a pretext for violating subsection

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(a) of this section.

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     (d) The termination of an individual's pregnancy after fetal viability is expressly

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prohibited except when necessary, in the medical judgment of the physician, to preserve the life

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or health of that individual.

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     (1) Any physician who knowingly violates the provisions of this subsection shall be

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deemed to have engaged in "unprofessional conduct" for the purpose of § 5-37-5.1.

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     (2) A physician who performs a termination after fetal viability shall be required to

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record in the patient's medical records the basis for the physician's medical judgment that

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termination was necessary to preserve the live or health of the patient and must comply with all

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other relevant requirements applicable to physicians in § 23-3-17.

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     (3) The director of the department of health is authorized to deny or revoke any license to

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practice allopathic or osteopathic medicine or otherwise discipline a licensee upon finding by the

 

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board that the person is guilty of unprofessional conduct under § 5-37-5.1(31).

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     SECTION 2. Chapter 11-3 of the General Laws entitled "Abortion" is hereby repealed in

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its entirety:

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CHAPTER 3

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Abortion

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     11-3-1. Procuring, counseling or attempting miscarriage.

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     Every person who, with the intent to procure the miscarriage of any pregnant woman or

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woman supposed by such person to be pregnant, unless the same be necessary to preserve her life,

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shall administer to her or cause to be taken by her any poison or other noxious thing, or shall use

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any instrument or other means whatsoever or shall aid, assist or counsel any person so intending

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to procure a miscarriage, shall if the woman die in consequence thereof, be imprisoned not

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exceeding twenty (20) years nor less than five (5) years, and if she does not die in consequence

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thereof, shall be imprisoned not exceeding seven (7) years nor less than one (1) year; provided

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that the woman whose miscarriage shall have been caused or attempted shall not be liable to the

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penalties prescribed by this section.

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     11-3-2. Murder charged in same indictment or information.

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     Any person who shall be charged with the murder of any infant child, or of any pregnant

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woman, or of any woman supposed by such person to be or to have been pregnant, may also be

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charged in the same indictment or information with any or all the offenses mentioned in 11-3-1,

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and if the jury shall acquit such person on the charge of murder and find him guilty of the other

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offenses or either of them, judgment and sentence may be awarded against him accordingly.

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     11-3-3. Dying declarations admissible.

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     In prosecutions for any of the offenses described section 11-3-1, in which the death of a

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woman is alleged to have resulted from the means therein described, dying declarations of the

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deceased woman shall be admissible as evidence, as in homicide cases.

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     11-3-4. Construction and application of section 11-3-1.

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     It shall be conclusively presumed in any action concerning the construction, application

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or validity of section 11-3-1, that human life commences at the instant of conception and that said

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human life at said instant of conception is a person within the language and meaning of the

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fourteenth amendment of the constitution of the United States, and that miscarriage at any time

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after the instant of conception caused by the administration of any poison or other noxious thing

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or the use of any instrument or other means shall be a violation of said section 11-3-1, unless the

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same be necessary to preserve the life of a woman who is pregnant.

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     11-3-5. Constitutionality.

 

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     If any part, clause or section of this act shall be declared invalid or unconstitutional by a

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court of competent jurisdiction, the validity of the remaining provisions, parts or sections shall

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not be affected.

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     SECTION 3. Section 11-5-2 of the General Laws in Chapter 11-5 entitled "Assaults" is

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hereby amended to read as follows:

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     11-5-2. Felony assault.

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     (a) Every person who shall make an assault or battery, or both, upon the person of

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another, with a dangerous weapon, or with acid or other dangerous substance, or by fire, or an

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assault or battery that results in serious bodily injury shall be guilty of a felony assault. If such

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assault results in serious bodily injury, it shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than

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twenty (20) years. Every other felony assault which results in bodily injury or no injury shall be

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punished by imprisonment for not more than six (6) years.

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     (b) Where the provisions of "The Domestic Violence Prevention Act", chapter 29 of title

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12, are applicable, the penalties for violation of this section shall also include the penalties as

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provided in § 12-29-5.

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     (c) "Serious bodily injury" means physical injury that:

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     (1) Creates a substantial risk of death;

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     (2) Causes protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily part, member, or

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organ; or

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     (3) Causes serious permanent disfigurement or circumcises, excises, or infibulates the

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whole or any part of the labia majora or labia minora or clitoris of a person.; or

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     (4) Results in the termination of a pregnancy where the person making the assault or

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battery is someone other than the pregnant person and knows or has reason to know that the

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person upon whom the assault or battery is made is pregnant.

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     (d) This section shall not apply to acts committed by:

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     (1) Any person relating to the performance of an abortion pursuant to chapter 4.13 of title

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23, the Reproductive Privacy Act, for which the consent of the pregnant person, or a person

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authorized by law on her behalf, has been obtained or for which such consent is implied by law;

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or

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     (2) Any person for any medical treatment of the pregnant person or the fetus.

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     (d)(e) "Bodily injury" means physical injury that causes physical pain, illness, or any

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impairment of physical condition.

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     SECTION 4. Section 11-23-5 of the General Laws in Chapter 11-23 entitled "Homicide"

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is hereby repealed.

 

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     11-23-5. Willful killing of unborn quick child.

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     (a) The willful killing of an unborn quick child by any injury to the mother of the child,

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which would be murder if it resulted in the death of the mother; the administration to any woman

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pregnant with a quick child of any medication, drug, or substance or the use of any instrument or

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device or other means, with intent to destroy the child, unless it is necessary to preserve the life of

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the mother; in the event of the death of the child; shall be deemed manslaughter.

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     (b) In any prosecution under this section, it shall not be necessary for the prosecution to

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prove that any necessity existed.

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     (c) For the purposes of this section, "quick child" means an unborn child whose heart is

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beating, who is experiencing electronically-measurable brain waves, who is discernibly moving,

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and who is so far developed and matured as to be capable of surviving the trauma of birth with

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the aid of usual medical care and facilities available in this state.

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     SECTION 5. Chapter 23-4.8 of the General Laws entitled "Spousal Notice for Abortion"

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is hereby repealed in its entirety.

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CHAPTER 23-4.8

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Spousal Notice for Abortion

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     23-4.8-1. Declaration of purpose.

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     The purpose of this chapter is to promote the state's interest in furthering the integrity of

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the institutions of marriage and the family.

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     23-4.8-2. Spousal notice requirements.

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     If a married woman consents to an abortion, as that consent is required by chapter 4.7 of

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this title, the physician who is to perform the abortion or his or her authorized agent shall, if

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reasonably possible, notify the husband of that woman of the proposed abortion before it is

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performed.

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     23-4.8-3. Exceptions.

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     The requirements of § 23-4.8-2 shall not apply if:

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     (1) The woman having the abortion furnishes to the physician who is to perform the

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abortion or the physician's authorized agent prior to the abortion being performed a written

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statement that she has given notice to her husband of the proposed abortion or a written statement

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that the fetus was not fathered by her husband;

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     (2) The woman and her husband are living separate and apart or either spouse has filed a

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petition or complaint for divorce in a court of competent jurisdiction;

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     (3) The physician who is to perform the abortion or his or her authorized agent receives

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the written affirmation of the husband that he has been notified of the proposed abortion; or

 

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     (4) There is an emergency requiring immediate action. In the case of an emergency, the

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woman's attending physician shall certify in writing on the patient's medical record that an

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emergency exists and the medical basis for his or her opinion.

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     23-4.8-4. Penalties.

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     In the event a physician performs an abortion, as defined by chapter 4.7 of this title, upon

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a woman who he or she knows is married and the physician knowingly and intentionally violates

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the requirements of this chapter, he or she shall be guilty of "unprofessional conduct" for the

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purposes of § 5-37-5.1.

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     23-4.8-5. Severability.

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     If any section or provision of this chapter or the application of any section or provision is

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held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other sections, provisions or applications, and to this

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end the sections and provisions of this chapter are declared severable.

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     SECTION 6. Chapter 23-4.12 of the General Laws entitled "Partial Birth Abortion" is

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hereby repealed in its entirety.

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CHAPTER 23-4.12

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Partial Birth Abortion

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     23-4.12-1. Definitions.

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     (a) For purposes of this chapter, "partial birth abortion" means an abortion in which the

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person performing the abortion vaginally delivers a living human fetus before killing the infant

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and completing the delivery.

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     (b) For purposes of this chapter, the terms "fetus" and "infant" are used interchangeably

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to refer to the biological offspring of human parents.

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     (c) As used in this section, "vaginally delivers a living fetus before killing the infant"

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means deliberately and intentionally delivers into the vagina a living fetus, or a substantial

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portion of the fetus, for the purpose of performing a procedure the person performing the abortion

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knows will kill the infant, and kills the infant.

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     23-4.12-2. Prohibition of partial birth abortions.

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     No person shall knowingly perform a partial birth abortion.

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     23-4.12-3. Life of the mother exception.

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     Section 23-4.12-2 shall not apply to a partial birth abortion that is necessary to save the

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life of a mother because her life is endangered by a physical disorder, physical illness, or physical

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injury, including a life-endangering condition caused by or arising from the pregnancy itself;

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provided, that no other medical procedure would suffice for that purpose.

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     23-4.12-4. Civil remedies.

 

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     (a) The woman upon whom a partial birth abortion has been performed in violation of §

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23-4.12-2, the father of the fetus or infant, and the maternal grandparents of the fetus or infant,

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and the maternal grandparents of the fetus or infant if the mother has not attained the age of

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eighteen (18) years at the time of the abortion, may obtain appropriate relief in a civil action,

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unless the pregnancy resulted from the plaintiff's criminal conduct or the plaintiff consented to

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the abortion.

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     (b) The relief shall include:

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     (1) Money damages for all injuries, psychological and physical, occasioned by the

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violation of this chapter; and

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     (2) Statutory damages equal to three (3) times the cost of the partial birth abortion.

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     (c) If judgment is rendered in favor of the plaintiff in an action described in this section,

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the court shall also render judgment for a reasonable attorney's fee in favor of the plaintiff against

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the defendant. If the judgment is rendered in favor of the defendant and the court finds that the

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plaintiff's suit was frivolous and brought in bad faith, the court shall also render judgment for a

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reasonable attorney's fee in favor of the defendant against the plaintiff.

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     23-4.12-5. Penalty.

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     (a) Performance of a partial birth abortion deliberately and intentionally is a violation of

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this chapter and shall be a felony.

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     (b) A woman upon whom a partial birth abortion is performed may not be prosecuted

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under this chapter for violating this chapter or any provision this chapter, or for conspiracy to

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violate this chapter or any provision this chapter.

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     23-4.12-6. Severability.

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     (a) If any one or more provisions, clauses, phrases, or words of § 23-4.12-3 or the

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application of that section to any person or circumstance is found to be unconstitutional, it is

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declared to be inseverable.

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     (b) If any one or more provisions, sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases or

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words of the remaining sections or the application of them to any person or circumstance is found

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to be unconstitutional, they are declared to be severable and the balance of the chapter shall

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remain effective notwithstanding the unconstitutionality. The legislature declares that it would

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have passed this chapter, and each provision, section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, or

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words, with the exception of § 23-4.12-3, irrespective of the fact that any one or more provisions,

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sections, subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases, or words be declared unconstitutional.

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     SECTION 7. Section 27-18-28 of the General Laws in Chapter 27-18 entitled "Accident

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and Sickness Insurance Policies" is hereby repealed.

 

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     27-18-28. Health insurance contracts -- Abortion.

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     (a) No health insurance contract, plan, or policy, delivered or issued for delivery in the

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state, shall provide coverage for induced abortions, except where the life of the mother would be

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endangered if the fetus were carried to term or where the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest,

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and except by an optional rider for which there must be paid an additional premium. This section

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shall be applicable to all contracts, plans, or policies of:

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     (1) All health insurers subject to this title;

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     (2) All group and blanket health insurers subject to this title;

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     (3) All nonprofit hospital, medical, surgical, dental, and health service corporations; and

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     (4) All health maintenance organizations;

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     (5) Any provision of medical, hospital, surgical, and funeral benefits, and of coverage

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against accidental death or injury, when the benefits or coverage are incidental to or part of other

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insurance authorized by the statutes of this state.

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     (b) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to pertain to insurance coverage

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for complications as the result of an abortion.

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     SECTION 8. Section 36-12-2.1 of the General Laws in Chapter 36-12 entitled "Insurance

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Benefits" is hereby amended to read as follows:

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     36-12-2.1. Health insurance benefits -- Coverage for abortions excluded.

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     (a) The state of Rhode Island or any city or town shall not include in any health insurance

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contracts, plans, or policies covering employees, any provision which shall provide coverage for

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induced abortions (except where the life of the mother would be endangered if the fetus were

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carried to term, or where the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest). This section shall be

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applicable to all contracts, plans or policies of:

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     (1) All health insurers subject to title 27;

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     (2) All group and blanket health insurers subject to title 27;

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     (3) All nonprofit hospital, medical, surgical, dental, and health service corporations;

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     (4) All health maintenance organizations; and

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     (5) Any provision of medical, hospital, surgical, and funeral benefits and of coverage

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against accidental death or injury when the benefits or coverage are incidental to or part of other

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insurance authorized by the statutes of this state.

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     (b) Provided, however, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to benefits

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provided under existing collective bargaining agreements entered into prior to June 30, 1982.

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     (c) Nothing contained herein shall be construed to pertain to insurance coverage for

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complications as the result of an abortion.

 

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     SECTION 9. Section 42-12.3-3 of the General Laws in Chapter 42-12.3 entitled "Health

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Care for Children and Pregnant Women" is hereby amended to read as follows:

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     42-12.3-3. Medical assistance expansion for pregnant women/RIte Start.

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     (a) The director of the department of human services is authorized to amend its title XIX

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state plan pursuant to title XIX of the Social Security Act to provide Medicaid coverage and to

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amend its title XXI state plan pursuant to Title XXI of the Social Security Act to provide medical

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assistance coverage through expanded family income disregards for pregnant women whose

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family income levels are between one hundred eighty-five percent (185%) and two hundred fifty

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percent (250%) of the federal poverty level. The department is further authorized to promulgate

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any regulations necessary and in accord with title XIX [42 U.S.C. § 1396 et seq.] and title XXI

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[42 U.S.C. § 1397 et seq.] of the Social Security Act necessary in order to implement said state

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plan amendment. The services provided shall be in accord with title XIX [42 U.S.C. § 1396 et

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seq.] and title XXI [42 U.S.C. § 1397 et seq.] of the Social Security Act.

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     (b) The director of the department of human services is authorized and directed to

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establish a payor of last resort program to cover prenatal, delivery and postpartum care. The

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program shall cover the cost of maternity care for any woman who lacks health insurance

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coverage for maternity care and who is not eligible for medical assistance under title XIX [42

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U.S.C. § 1396 et seq.] and title XXI [42 U.S.C. § 1397 et seq.] of the Social Security Act

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including, but not limited to, a non-citizen pregnant woman lawfully admitted for permanent

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residence on or after August 22, 1996, without regard to the availability of federal financial

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participation, provided such pregnant woman satisfies all other eligibility requirements. The

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director shall promulgate regulations to implement this program. Such regulations shall include

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specific eligibility criteria; the scope of services to be covered; procedures for administration and

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service delivery; referrals for non-covered services; outreach; and public education. Excluded

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services under this paragraph will include, but not be limited to, induced abortion except to

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prevent the death of the mother in cases of rape or incest or to save the life of the pregnant

27

individual.

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     (c) The department of human services may enter into cooperative agreements with the

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department of health and/or other state agencies to provide services to individuals eligible for

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services under subsections (a) and (b) above.

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     (d) The following services shall be provided through the program:

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     (1) Ante-partum and postpartum care;

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     (2) Delivery;

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     (3) Cesarean section;

 

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     (4) Newborn hospital care;

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     (5) Inpatient transportation from one hospital to another when authorized by a medical

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provider;

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     (6) Prescription medications and laboratory tests;

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     (e) The department of human services shall provide enhanced services, as appropriate, to

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pregnant women as defined in subsections (a) and (b), as well as to other pregnant women

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eligible for medical assistance. These services shall include: care coordination, nutrition and

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social service counseling, high risk obstetrical care, childbirth and parenting preparation

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programs, smoking cessation programs, outpatient counseling for drug-alcohol use, interpreter

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services, mental health services, and home visitation. The provision of enhanced services is

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subject to available appropriations. In the event that appropriations are not adequate for the

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provision of these services, the department has the authority to limit the amount, scope and

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duration of these enhanced services.

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     (f) The department of human services shall provide for extended family planning services

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for up to twenty-four (24) months postpartum. These services shall be available to women who

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have been determined eligible for RIte Start or for medical assistance under title XIX [42 U.S.C.

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§ 1396 et seq.] or title XXI [42 U.S.C. § 1397 et seq.] of the Social Security Act.

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     SECTION 10. Section 5-37-5.1 of the General Laws in Chapter 5-37 entitled "Board of

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Medical Licensure and Discipline" is hereby amended to read as follows:

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     5-37-5.1. Unprofessional conduct.

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     The term "unprofessional conduct" as used in this chapter includes, but is not limited to,

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the following items or any combination of these items and may be further defined by regulations

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established by the board with the prior approval of the director:

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     (1) Fraudulent or deceptive procuring or use of a license or limited registration;

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     (2) All advertising of medical business, which is intended or has a tendency to deceive

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the public;

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     (3) Conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude; conviction of a felony; conviction of

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a crime arising out of the practice of medicine;

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     (4) Abandoning a patient;

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     (5) Dependence upon controlled substances, habitual drunkenness, or rendering

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professional services to a patient while the physician or limited registrant is intoxicated or

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incapacitated by the use of drugs;

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     (6) Promotion by a physician or limited registrant of the sale of drugs, devices,

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appliances, or goods or services provided for a patient in a manner as to exploit the patient for the

 

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financial gain of the physician or limited registrant;

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     (7) Immoral conduct of a physician or limited registrant in the practice of medicine;

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     (8) Willfully making and filing false reports or records in the practice of medicine;

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     (9) Willfully omitting to file or record, or willfully impeding or obstructing a filing or

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recording, or inducing another person to omit to file or record, medical or other reports as

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required by law;

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     (10) Failing to furnish details of a patient's medical record to succeeding physicians,

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health care facility, or other health care providers upon proper request pursuant to § 5-37.3-4;

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     (11) Soliciting professional patronage by agents or persons or profiting from acts of those

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representing themselves to be agents of the licensed physician or limited registrants;

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     (12) Dividing fees or agreeing to split or divide the fees received for professional services

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for any person for bringing to or referring a patient;

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     (13) Agreeing with clinical or bioanalytical laboratories to accept payments from these

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laboratories for individual tests or test series for patients;

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     (14) Making willful misrepresentations in treatments;

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     (15) Practicing medicine with an unlicensed physician except in an accredited

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preceptorship or residency training program, or aiding or abetting unlicensed persons in the

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practice of medicine;

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     (16) Gross and willful overcharging for professional services; including filing of false

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statements for collection of fees for which services are not rendered, or willfully making or

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assisting in making a false claim or deceptive claim or misrepresenting a material fact for use in

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determining rights to health care or other benefits;

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     (17) Offering, undertaking, or agreeing to cure or treat disease by a secret method,

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procedure, treatment or medicine;

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     (18) Professional or mental incompetency;

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     (19) Incompetent, negligent, or willful misconduct in the practice of medicine which

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includes the rendering of medically unnecessary services, and any departure from, or the failure

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to conform to, the minimal standards of acceptable and prevailing medical practice in his or her

29

area of expertise as is determined by the board. The board does not need to establish actual injury

30

to the patient in order to adjudge a physician or limited registrant guilty of the unacceptable

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medical practice in this subdivision;

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     (20) Failing to comply with the provisions of chapter 4.7 of title 23;

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     (21) Surrender, revocation, suspension, limitation of privilege based on quality of care

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provided, or any other disciplinary action against a license or authorization to practice medicine

 

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in another state or jurisdiction; or surrender, revocation, suspension, or any other disciplinary

2

action relating to a membership on any medical staff or in any medical or professional association

3

or society while under disciplinary investigation by any of those authorities or bodies for acts or

4

conduct similar to acts or conduct which would constitute grounds for action as described in this

5

chapter;

6

     (22) Multiple adverse judgments, settlements or awards arising from medical liability

7

claims related to acts or conduct which would constitute grounds for action as described in this

8

chapter;

9

     (23) Failing to furnish the board, its chief administrative officer, investigator or

10

representatives, information legally requested by the board;

11

     (24) Violating any provision or provisions of this chapter or the rules and regulations of

12

the board or any rules or regulations promulgated by the director or of an action, stipulation, or

13

agreement of the board;

14

     (25) Cheating on or attempting to subvert the licensing examination;

15

     (26) Violating any state or federal law or regulation relating to controlled substances;

16

     (27) Failing to maintain standards established by peer review boards, including, but not

17

limited to, standards related to proper utilization of services, use of nonaccepted procedure,

18

and/or quality of care;

19

     (28) A pattern of medical malpractice, or willful or gross malpractice on a particular

20

occasion;

21

     (29) Agreeing to treat a beneficiary of health insurance under title XVIII of the Social

22

Security Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1395 et seq., "Medicare Act", and then charging or collecting from this

23

beneficiary any amount in excess of the amount or amounts permitted pursuant to the Medicare

24

Act; or

25

     (30) Sexual contact between a physician and patient during the existence of the

26

physician/patient relationship; or

27

     (31) Knowingly violating the provisions of subsection 23-4.13-2(d).

28

     SECTION 11. This act shall take effect upon passage.

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LC000518/SUB B/2 - Page 12 of 13

EXPLANATION

BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

OF

A N   A C T

RELATING TO HEALTH AND SAFETY - THE REPRODUCTIVE PRIVACY ACT

***

1

     This act would serve to codify the privacy rights guaranteed by the decision reached in

2

the United States Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) and its progeny.

3

     This act would take effect upon passage.

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LC000518/SUB B/2

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LC000518/SUB B/2 - Page 13 of 13