2021 -- H 5891 SUBSTITUTE A | |
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LC002033/SUB A/3 | |
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STATE OF RHODE ISLAND | |
IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY | |
JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2021 | |
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A N A C T | |
RELATING TO STATE AFFAIRS AND GOVERNMENT -- OPEN MEETINGS | |
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Introduced By: Representative Alex D. Marszalkowski | |
Date Introduced: February 24, 2021 | |
Referred To: House State Government & Elections | |
(Dept. of Business Regulation) | |
It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows: | |
1 | SECTION 1. Sections 42-46-2, 42-46-5, 42-46-6 and 42-46-7 of the General Laws in |
2 | Chapter 42-46 entitled "Open Meetings" are hereby amended to read as follows: |
3 | 42-46-2. Definitions. |
4 | As used in this chapter: |
5 | (1) "Meeting" means the convening of a public body to discuss and/or act upon a matter |
6 | over which the public body has supervision, control, jurisdiction, or advisory power. As used |
7 | herein, the term "meeting" expressly includes, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, so- |
8 | called "workshop," "working," or "work" sessions. |
9 | (i) "In-person meeting" means a meeting of a public body in which all members of the |
10 | public body and all members of the public are attending and participating in the meeting in the |
11 | same physical location. (The provisions of this paragraph shall sunset on July 1, 2023.) |
12 | (ii) "Virtual meeting" means a meeting of a public body in which all members of the public |
13 | body and all members of the public are attending and participating in the meeting remotely through |
14 | teleconferencing or audio/video conferencing technology. (The provisions of this paragraph shall |
15 | sunset on July 1, 2023.) |
16 | (iii) "Hybrid meeting" means a meeting of a public body in which some members of the |
17 | public body and/or some members of the public are attending and/or participating in-person in the |
18 | physical location of the meeting and others are attending and/or participating in the meeting |
19 | remotely. (The provisions of this paragraph shall sunset on July 1, 2023.) |
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1 | (2) "Open call" means a public announcement by the chairperson of the committee that the |
2 | meeting is going to be held in executive session and the chairperson must indicate which exception |
3 | of § 42-46-5 is being involved. |
4 | (3) "Open forum" means the designated portion of an open meeting, if any, on a properly |
5 | posted notice reserved for citizens to address comments to a public body relating to matters |
6 | affecting the public business. |
7 | (4) "Prevailing plaintiff" includes those persons and entities deemed "prevailing parties" |
8 | pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988. |
9 | (5) "Public body" means any department, agency, commission, committee, board, council, |
10 | bureau, or authority, or any subdivision thereof, of state or municipal government or the board of |
11 | directors of any library that funded at least twenty-five percent (25%) of its operational budget in |
12 | the prior budget year with public funds, and shall include all authorities defined in § 42-35-1. For |
13 | purposes of this section, any political party, organization, or unit thereof meeting or convening is |
14 | not and should not be considered to be a public body; provided, however, that no such meeting |
15 | shall be used to circumvent the requirements of this chapter. |
16 | (6) "Quorum," unless otherwise defined by applicable law, means a simple majority of the |
17 | membership of a public body. |
18 | (7) "Remote public access" means measures that permit contemporaneous and effective |
19 | public access to the deliberations of the public body through a live transmission of a meeting over |
20 | the Internet, via teleconference or video conference, television, or other broadcast media that allows |
21 | the public to clearly follow the proceedings of the public body while those activities are occurring. |
22 | Remote public access shall be offered to the public without subscription, toll, or similar charge to |
23 | the public to join the meeting. During a hybrid meeting or a virtual meeting, when public comment |
24 | or testimony is permitted by the public body or required by law, public bodies shall provide |
25 | interactive access that includes the capability for members of the public to provide such comment |
26 | or testimony remotely through telephone, Internet or satellite-enabled audio or video conferencing, |
27 | or any other similar technology. (The provisions of this subdivision shall sunset on July 1, 2023.) |
28 | 42-46-5. Purposes for which meeting may be closed -- Use of electronic |
29 | communications -- Judicial proceedings -- Disruptive conduct Purposes for which meeting |
30 | may be closed. |
31 | (a) A public body may hold a meeting closed to the public pursuant to § 42-46-4 for one |
32 | or more of the following purposes: |
33 | (1) Any discussions of the job performance, character, or physical or mental health of a |
34 | person or persons provided that such person or persons affected shall have been notified in advance |
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1 | in writing and advised that they may require that the discussion be held at an open meeting. |
2 | Failure to provide such notification shall render any action taken against the person or |
3 | persons affected null and void. Before going into a closed meeting pursuant to this subsection, the |
4 | public body shall state for the record that any persons to be discussed have been so notified and |
5 | this statement shall be noted in the minutes of the meeting. |
6 | (2) Sessions pertaining to collective bargaining or litigation, or work sessions pertaining to |
7 | collective bargaining or litigation. |
8 | (3) Discussion regarding the matter of security including, but not limited to, the deployment |
9 | of security personnel or devices. |
10 | (4) Any investigative proceedings regarding allegations of misconduct, either civil or |
11 | criminal. |
12 | (5) Any discussions or considerations related to the acquisition or lease of real property for |
13 | public purposes, or of the disposition of publicly held property wherein advanced public |
14 | information would be detrimental to the interest of the public. |
15 | (6) Any discussions related to or concerning a prospective business or industry locating in |
16 | the state of Rhode Island when an open meeting would have a detrimental effect on the interest of |
17 | the public. |
18 | (7) A matter related to the question of the investment of public funds where the premature |
19 | disclosure would adversely affect the public interest. Public funds shall include any investment |
20 | plan or matter related thereto, including, but not limited to, state lottery plans for new promotions. |
21 | (8) Any executive sessions of a local school committee exclusively for the purposes: (i) of |
22 | conducting student disciplinary hearings; or (ii) of reviewing other matters which relate to the |
23 | privacy of students and their records, including all hearings of the various juvenile hearing boards |
24 | of any municipality; provided, however, that any affected student shall have been notified in |
25 | advance in writing and advised that he or she may require that the discussion be held in an open |
26 | meeting. |
27 | Failure to provide such notification shall render any action taken against the student or |
28 | students affected null and void. Before going into a closed meeting pursuant to this subsection, the |
29 | public body shall state for the record that any students to be discussed have been so notified and |
30 | this statement shall be noted in the minutes of the meeting. |
31 | (9) Any hearings on, or discussions of, a grievance filed pursuant to a collective bargaining |
32 | agreement. |
33 | (10) Any discussion of the personal finances of a prospective donor to a library. |
34 | (b) No meeting of members of a public body or use of electronic communication, including |
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1 | telephonic communication and telephone conferencing, shall be used to circumvent the spirit or |
2 | requirements of this chapter; provided, however, these meetings and discussions are not prohibited. |
3 | (1) Provided, further however, that discussions of a public body via electronic |
4 | communication, including telephonic communication and telephone conferencing, shall be |
5 | permitted only to schedule a meeting. |
6 | (2) Provided, further however, that a member of a public body may participate by use of |
7 | electronic communication or telephone communication while on active duty in the armed services |
8 | of the United States. |
9 | (3) Provided, further however, that a member of that public body, who has a disability as |
10 | defined in chapter 87 of title 42 and: |
11 | (i) Cannot attend meetings of that public body solely by reason of his or her disability; and |
12 | (ii) Cannot otherwise participate in the meeting without the use of electronic |
13 | communication or telephone communication as reasonable accommodation, may participate by use |
14 | of electronic communication or telephone communication in accordance with the process below. |
15 | (4) The governor's commission on disabilities is authorized and directed to: |
16 | (i) Establish rules and regulations for determining whether a member of a public body is |
17 | not otherwise able to participate in meetings of that public body without the use of electronic |
18 | communication or telephone communication as a reasonable accommodation due to that member's |
19 | disability; |
20 | (ii) Grant a waiver that allows a member to participate by electronic communication or |
21 | telephone communication only if the member's disability would prevent him/her from being |
22 | physically present at the meeting location, and the use of such communication is the only |
23 | reasonable accommodation; and |
24 | (iii) Any waiver decisions shall be a matter of public record. |
25 | (c) This chapter shall not apply to proceedings of the judicial branch of state government |
26 | or probate court or municipal court proceedings in any city or town. |
27 | (d) This chapter shall not prohibit the removal of any person who willfully disrupts a |
28 | meeting to the extent that orderly conduct of the meeting is seriously compromised. (The provisions |
29 | of subsections (b) through (d) shall be restored on July 1, 2023.) |
30 | 42-46-6. Notice. |
31 | (a) Annual meeting calendar. All public bodies shall give written notice of their regularly |
32 | scheduled meetings at the beginning of each calendar year. The notice shall include the dates, times, |
33 | and places of the meetings and shall be provided to members of the public upon request and to the |
34 | secretary of state at the beginning of each calendar year in accordance with subsection (f). |
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1 | (b) Public bodies shall give supplemental written public notice of any meeting within a |
2 | minimum of forty-eight (48) hours, excluding weekends and state holidays in the count of hours, |
3 | before the date. This notice shall include the date the notice was posted; the date, time, and place |
4 | of the meeting; information on how to attend the meeting by remote public access, if applicable; |
5 | and a statement specifying the nature of the business to be discussed. Copies of the notice shall be |
6 | maintained by the public body for a minimum of one year. Nothing contained herein shall prevent |
7 | a public body, other than a school committee, from adding additional items to the agenda by |
8 | majority vote of the members. School committees may, however, add items for informational |
9 | purposes only, pursuant to a request, submitted in writing, by a member of the public during the |
10 | public comment session of the school committee's meetings. Said informational items may not be |
11 | voted upon unless they have been posted in accordance with the provisions of this section. Such |
12 | additional items shall be for informational purposes only and may not be voted on except where |
13 | necessary to address an unexpected occurrence that requires immediate action to protect the public |
14 | or to refer the matter to an appropriate committee or to another body or official. |
15 | (c) Written public notice shall include, but need not be limited to, posting a copy of the |
16 | notice at the principal office of the public body holding the meeting, or if no principal office exists, |
17 | at the building in which the meeting is to be held, and in at least one other prominent place within |
18 | the governmental unit, and electronic filing of the notice with the secretary of state pursuant to |
19 | subsection (f); however, nothing contained herein shall prevent a public body from holding an |
20 | emergency meeting, upon an affirmative vote of the majority of the members of the body when the |
21 | meeting is deemed necessary to address an unexpected occurrence that requires immediate action |
22 | to protect the public. If an emergency meeting is called, a meeting notice and agenda shall be posted |
23 | as soon as practicable and shall be electronically filed with the secretary of state pursuant to |
24 | subsection (f) and, upon meeting, the public body shall state for the record and minutes why the |
25 | matter must be addressed in less than forty-eight (48) hours in accordance with subsection (b) of |
26 | this section and only discuss the issue or issues that created the need for an emergency meeting. |
27 | Nothing contained herein shall be used in the circumvention of the spirit and requirements of this |
28 | chapter. |
29 | (d) Nothing within this chapter shall prohibit any public body, or the members thereof, |
30 | from responding to comments initiated by a member of the public during a properly noticed open |
31 | forum even if the subject matter of a citizen's comments or discussions were not previously posted, |
32 | provided such matters shall be for informational purposes only and may not be voted on except |
33 | where necessary to address an unexpected occurrence that requires immediate action to protect the |
34 | public or to refer the matter to an appropriate committee or to another body or official. Nothing |
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1 | contained in this chapter requires any public body to hold an open-forum session to entertain or |
2 | respond to any topic nor does it prohibit any public body from limiting comment on any topic at |
3 | such an open-forum session. No public body, or the members thereof, may use this section to |
4 | circumvent the spirit or requirements of this chapter. |
5 | (e) A school committee may add agenda items not appearing in the published notice |
6 | required by this section under the following conditions: |
7 | (1) The revised agenda is electronically filed with the secretary of state pursuant to |
8 | subsection (f), and is posted on the school district's website and the two (2) public locations required |
9 | by this section at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the meeting in accordance with |
10 | subsection (b) of this section; |
11 | (2) The new agenda items were unexpected and could not have been added in time for |
12 | newspaper publication; |
13 | (3) Upon meeting, the public body states for the record and minutes why the agenda items |
14 | could not have been added in time for newspaper publication and need to be addressed at the |
15 | meeting; |
16 | (4) A formal process is available to provide timely notice of the revised agenda to any |
17 | person who has requested that notice, and the school district has taken reasonable steps to make the |
18 | public aware of this process; and |
19 | (5) The published notice shall include a statement that any changes in the agenda will be |
20 | posted on the school district's website and the two (2) public locations required by this section and |
21 | will be electronically filed with the secretary of state at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of |
22 | the meeting in accordance with subsection (b) of this section. |
23 | (f) All notices required by this section to be filed with the secretary of state shall be |
24 | electronically transmitted to the secretary of state in accordance with rules and regulations that shall |
25 | be promulgated by the secretary of state. This requirement of the electronic transmission and filing |
26 | of notices with the secretary of state shall take effect one year after this subsection takes effect. |
27 | (g) If a public body fails to transmit notices in accordance with this section, then any |
28 | aggrieved person may file a complaint with the attorney general in accordance with § 42-46-8. (The |
29 | amendments to this section shall sunset on July 1, 2023, and the language in effect on January 1, |
30 | 2021, shall be restored.) |
31 | 42-46-7. Minutes. |
32 | (a) All public bodies shall keep written minutes of all their meetings. The minutes shall |
33 | include, but need not be limited to: |
34 | (1) The date, time, and place of the meeting; |
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1 | (2) The members of the public body recorded as either present or absent, and for all |
2 | members of the public body who are present, record whether attendance is in person or through |
3 | teleconferencing or audio/video conferencing technology; |
4 | (3) If held as a virtual meeting or hybrid meeting, indicate how remote public access was |
5 | provided; |
6 | (3)(4) A record by individual members of any vote taken; and |
7 | (4)(5) Any other information relevant to the business of the public body that any member |
8 | of the public body requests be included or reflected in the minutes. |
9 | (b)(1) A record of all votes taken at all meetings of public bodies, listing how each member |
10 | voted on each issue, shall be a public record and shall be available to the public at the office of the |
11 | public body within two (2) weeks of the date of the vote. The minutes shall be public records and |
12 | unofficial minutes shall be available to the public at the office of the public body within thirty-five |
13 | (35) days of the meeting or at the next regularly scheduled meeting, whichever is earlier, except |
14 | where the disclosure would be inconsistent with §§ 42-46-4 and 42-46-5 or where the public body |
15 | by majority vote extends the time period for the filing of the minutes and publicly states the reason. |
16 | (2) In addition to the provisions of subsection (b)(1), all volunteer fire companies, |
17 | associations, fire district companies, or any other organization currently engaged in the mission of |
18 | extinguishing fires and preventing fire hazards, whether it is incorporated or not, and whether it is |
19 | a paid department or not, shall post unofficial minutes of their meetings within twenty-one (21) |
20 | days of the meeting, but not later than seven (7) days prior to the next regularly scheduled meeting, |
21 | whichever is earlier, on the secretary of state's website. |
22 | (c) The minutes of a closed session shall be made available at the next regularly scheduled |
23 | meeting unless the majority of the body votes to keep the minutes closed pursuant to §§ 42-46-4 |
24 | and 42-46-5. |
25 | (d) All public bodies shall keep official and/or approved minutes of all meetings of the |
26 | body and shall file a copy of the minutes of all open meetings with the secretary of state for |
27 | inspection by the public within thirty-five (35) days of the meeting; provided that this subsection |
28 | shall not apply to public bodies whose responsibilities are solely advisory in nature. |
29 | (e) All minutes and unofficial minutes required by this section to be filed with the secretary |
30 | of state shall be electronically transmitted to the secretary of state in accordance with rules and |
31 | regulations that shall be promulgated by the secretary of state. If a public body fails to transmit |
32 | minutes or unofficial minutes in accordance with this subsection, then any aggrieved person may |
33 | file a complaint with the attorney general in accordance with § 42-46-8. (The amendments to this |
34 | section shall sunset on July 1, 2023, and the language in effect on January 1, 2021, shall be |
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1 | restored.) |
2 | SECTION 2. Chapter 42-46 of the General Laws entitled "Open Meetings" is hereby |
3 | amended by adding thereto the following sections: |
4 | 42-46-15. Virtual participation in meetings by members of the public body (Effective |
5 | until July 1, 2023). |
6 | Members of public bodies may participate in meetings subject to this chapter by remote |
7 | interactive means through telephone or audio/video conferencing, or similar technology, and such |
8 | members shall be included in the quorum. Public bodies shall not deny a member of the public |
9 | body who is on active duty in the military or who has a disability as defined in chapter 87 of title |
10 | 42 the ability to participate remotely in a meeting. |
11 | 42-46-16. Public access requirements for meetings of public bodies (Effective until |
12 | July 1, 2023). |
13 | (a) There shall be three (3) types of meetings, as defined in § 42-46-2: in-person meetings, |
14 | virtual meetings and hybrid meetings. Public bodies may hold meetings subject to this chapter as |
15 | any of the three (3) types, subject to the limitations set forth in this section. |
16 | (b) A meeting or portion of a meeting which is held in closed executive session pursuant |
17 | to §§ 42-46-4 and 42-46-5 may be held as any of the three (3) types of meetings, without providing |
18 | any public access. |
19 | (c) For all virtual meetings and hybrid meetings, public bodies shall provide remote public |
20 | access as defined in § 42-46-2. |
21 | (d) Until December 31, 2021, all public bodies may hold meetings as any one of the three |
22 | (3) types of meetings defined in § 42-46-2. |
23 | (e) Effective January 1, 2022: |
24 | (1) All city and town councils, all elected and appointed school boards and school |
25 | committees, all zoning boards, all planning boards, and all quasi-public boards, agencies and |
26 | corporations (as defined in § 42-155-3 and provided for in the findings in § 42-155-2) shall not |
27 | have an exclusively in-person meeting. The open meetings of such public bodies shall be either a |
28 | hybrid meeting or a virtual meeting; however, unless holding a public hearing, these public bodies |
29 | may hold in-person meetings without remote public access for site visits, zoning and planning |
30 | workshops, and in-person meetings of subdivisions of these bodies. |
31 | (2) All other public bodies may continue to hold meetings as any one of the three (3) types |
32 | of meetings defined in § 42-46-2. |
33 | (f) Nothing herein alters the provisions of § 42-46-6(d) such that this chapter does not grant |
34 | the right of public comment to any member of the public where not otherwise provided by statute, |
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1 | regulation, charter, ordinance, or bylaw. |
2 | (g) If any member of the public body participates in an open meeting in person, the public |
3 | body must allow members of the public to attend the meeting in person and permit such attendees |
4 | to participate when public comment or testimony is permitted by the public body or required by |
5 | law. |
6 | 42-46-17. Requirements for access to documents presented or used in open meetings |
7 | of public bodies (Effective until July 1, 2023). |
8 | For all open meetings of city and town councils, elected and appointed school boards and |
9 | school committees, zoning boards, planning boards, and quasi-public boards, agencies and |
10 | corporations (as defined in § 42-155-3 and provided for in the findings in § 42-155-2): the public |
11 | body shall make accessible to the public all documents to be reviewed, discussed, considered and/or |
12 | voted on at an open meeting that are in its possession by the time the agenda must be posted under |
13 | § 42-46-6(b). Such documents must be accessible to the public on the Internet by the time the open |
14 | meeting starts. |
15 | 42-46-18. Guidelines for hybrid and virtual open meetings for all public bodies |
16 | (Effective until July 1, 2023). |
17 | (a) For hybrid meetings, the public body shall announce the names of any members of the |
18 | public body participating remotely. |
19 | (b) During a meeting for which only audio is being provided as the means of remote public |
20 | access, public body members should be identified contemporaneous with making their remarks to |
21 | ensure a clear record of the proceedings. |
22 | (c) The public body shall halt the meeting if it becomes aware that the public's ability to |
23 | access the meeting through remote public access has been severely impeded, including but not |
24 | limited to widespread power failures or widespread internet outages. |
25 | (d) The public body shall take all votes in a manner that all attendees, including those with |
26 | only audio remote public access, can clearly identify how each member voted consistent with § 42- |
27 | 46-7(b)(1). |
28 | (e) The public body shall record any open meeting held as a virtual meeting or hybrid |
29 | meeting. The public body shall maintain a copy or access to a copy of the recording for at least two |
30 | hundred (200) days from the date of the approval by the public body of the minutes for such |
31 | meeting, and the public body shall provide access to open meeting recordings either by posting on |
32 | the Internet or by request in accordance with chapter 2 of title 38 ("access to public record"). |
33 | 42-46-19. Use of electronic communications by and between members of public bodies |
34 | (Effective until July 1, 2023). |
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1 | The use of electronic communication, including telephonic, text, email, facsimile, |
2 | teleconferencing, videoconferencing, instant messaging, social networking/media, or similar means |
3 | of communications shall not be used by any member of a public body to circumvent the spirit or |
4 | requirement of this chapter; provided, that electronic communication may be used to: |
5 | (1) Participate in a meeting by virtual means as may be permitted by this chapter; and |
6 | (2) Schedule a meeting or determine the availability of members of a public body for the |
7 | purpose of conducting a meeting under this chapter. |
8 | 42-46-20. Exclusion of judiciary (Effective until July 1, 2023). |
9 | This chapter shall not apply to proceedings of the judicial branch of state government or |
10 | probate court or municipal court proceedings in any city or town. |
11 | 42-46-21. Disruptive conduct (Effective until July 1, 2023). |
12 | This chapter shall not prohibit the removal of any person who willfully disrupts a meeting |
13 | to the extent that orderly conduct of the meeting is seriously compromised. |
14 | 42-46-22. Sunset. |
15 | The amendments to §§ 42-46-2, 42-46-5, 42-46-6 and 42-46-7 shall remain effective until |
16 | July 1, 2023, and as of that date shall become inoperative. Effective July 1, 2023, the language of |
17 | §§ 42-46-2, 42-46-5, 42-46-6 and 42-46-7 shall be restored to the language in effect on January 1, |
18 | 2021. The provisions and requirements of §§ 42-46-15 through 42-46-21 shall expire on July 1, |
19 | 2023. |
20 | SECTION 3. This act shall take effect upon passage. |
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EXPLANATION | |
BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL | |
OF | |
A N A C T | |
RELATING TO STATE AFFAIRS AND GOVERNMENT -- OPEN MEETINGS | |
*** | |
1 | This act would amend the "open meetings act" to allow public bodies the option to hold in- |
2 | person, virtual or hybrid open meetings, and would provide for virtual public access in cases where |
3 | a public body chooses to hold a virtual or hybrid open meeting until July 1, 2023. The amendments |
4 | would sunset on July 1, 2023. The current substantive provisions of the "open meetings act" would |
5 | be restored on July 1, 2023. |
6 | This act would take effect upon passage. |
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