2022 -- H 7319

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LC004319

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     STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2022

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A N   A C T

RELATING TO STATE AFFAIRS AND GOVERNMENT -- OPEN MEETINGS

     Introduced By: Representatives Cortvriend, Shekarchi, Marszalkowski, Fogarty,
McGaw, Edwards, Donovan, Ruggiero, Carson, and Shanley

     Date Introduced: February 02, 2022

     Referred To: House State Government & Elections

     It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:

     SECTION 1. Sections 42-46-2, 42-46-5, 42-46-6 and 42-46-7 of the General Laws in

Chapter 42-46 entitled "Open Meetings" are hereby amended to read as follows:

     42-46-2. Definitions.

     As used in this chapter:

     (1) "Meeting" means the convening of a public body to discuss and/or act upon a matter

over which the public body has supervision, control, jurisdiction, or advisory power. As used

herein, the term "meeting" expressly includes, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, so-

called "workshop," "working," or "work" sessions.

     (i) "In-person meeting" means a meeting of a public body in which all members of the

public body and all members of the public are attending and participating in the meeting in the

same physical location. (The provisions of this subsection shall sunset on July 1, 2022).

     (ii) "Virtual meeting" means a meeting of a public body in which all members of the public

body and all members of the public are attending and participating in the meeting remotely through

teleconferencing or audio/video conferencing technology. (The provisions of this subsection shall

sunset on July 1, 2022).

     (iii) "Hybrid meeting" means a meeting of a public body in which some members of the

public body and/or some members of the public are attending and/or participating in-person in the

physical location of the meeting and others are attending and/or participating in the meeting

remotely. (The provisions of this subsection shall sunset on July 1, 2022).

     (2) "Open call" means a public announcement by the chairperson of the committee that the

meeting is going to be held in executive session and the chairperson must indicate which exception

of § 42-46-5 is being involved.

     (3) "Open forum" means the designated portion of an open meeting, if any, on a properly

posted notice reserved for citizens to address comments to a public body relating to matters

affecting the public business.

     (4) "Prevailing plaintiff" includes those persons and entities deemed "prevailing parties"

pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1988.

     (5) "Public body" means any department, agency, commission, committee, board, council,

bureau, or authority, or any subdivision thereof, of state or municipal government or the board of

directors of any library that funded at least twenty-five percent (25%) of its operational budget in

the prior budget year with public funds, and shall include all authorities defined in § 42-35-1. For

purposes of this section, any political party, organization, or unit thereof meeting or convening is

not and should not be considered to be a public body; provided, however, that no such meeting

shall be used to circumvent the requirements of this chapter.

     (6) "Quorum," unless otherwise defined by applicable law, means a simple majority of the

membership of a public body.

     (7) "Remote public access" means measures that permit contemporaneous and effective

public access to the deliberations of the public body through a live transmission of a meeting over

the Internet, via teleconference or video conference, television, or other broadcast media that allows

the public to clearly follow the proceedings of the public body while those activities are occurring.

Remote public access shall be offered to the public without subscription, toll, or similar charge to

the public to join the meeting. During a hybrid meeting or a virtual meeting, when public comment

or testimony is permitted by the public body or required by law, public bodies shall provide

interactive access that includes the capability for members of the public to provide such comment

or testimony remotely through telephone, Internet or satellite-enabled audio or video conferencing,

or any other similar technology. (The provisions of this subsection shall sunset on July 1, 2022).

     42-46-5. Purposes for which meeting may be closed -- Use of electronic

communications -- Judicial proceedings -- Disruptive conduct. Purposes for which meeting

may be closed.

     (a) A public body may hold a meeting closed to the public pursuant to § 42-46-4 for one

or more of the following purposes:

     (1) Any discussions of the job performance, character, or physical or mental health of a

person or persons provided that the person or persons affected shall have been notified in advance

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in writing and advised that they may require that the discussion be held at an open meeting.

     Failure to provide notification shall render any action taken against the person or persons

affected null and void. Before going into a closed meeting pursuant to this subsection, the public

body shall state for the record that any persons to be discussed have been so notified and this

statement shall be noted in the minutes of the meeting.

     (2) Sessions pertaining to collective bargaining or litigation, or work sessions pertaining to

collective bargaining or litigation.

     (3) Discussion regarding the matter of security including, but not limited to, the deployment

of security personnel or devices.

     (4) Any investigative proceedings regarding allegations of misconduct, either civil or

criminal.

     (5) Any discussions or considerations related to the acquisition or lease of real property for

public purposes, or of the disposition of publicly held property wherein advanced public

information would be detrimental to the interest of the public.

     (6) Any discussions related to or concerning a prospective business or industry locating in

the state of Rhode Island when an open meeting would have a detrimental effect on the interest of

the public.

     (7) A matter related to the question of the investment of public funds where the premature

disclosure would adversely affect the public interest. Public funds shall include any investment

plan or matter related thereto, including, but not limited to, state lottery plans for new promotions.

     (8) Any executive sessions of a local school committee exclusively for the purposes: (i) Of

conducting student disciplinary hearings; or (ii) Of reviewing other matters that relate to the privacy

of students and their records, including all hearings of the various juvenile hearing boards of any

municipality; provided, however, that any affected student shall have been notified in advance in

writing and advised that he or she may require that the discussion be held in an open meeting.

     Failure to provide notification shall render any action taken against the student or students

affected null and void. Before going into a closed meeting pursuant to this subsection, the public

body shall state for the record that any students to be discussed have been so notified and this

statement shall be noted in the minutes of the meeting.

     (9) Any hearings on, or discussions of, a grievance filed pursuant to a collective bargaining

agreement.

     (10) Any discussion of the personal finances of a prospective donor to a library.

     (b) No meeting of members of a public body or use of electronic communication, including

telephonic communication and telephone conferencing, shall be used to circumvent the spirit or

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requirements of this chapter; provided, however, these meetings and discussions are not prohibited.

     (1) Provided, further however, that discussions of a public body via electronic

communication, including telephonic communication and telephone conferencing, shall be

permitted only to schedule a meeting, except as provided in this subsection.

     (2) Provided, further however, that a member of a public body may participate by use of

electronic communication or telephone communication while on active duty in the armed services

of the United States.

     (3) Provided, further however, that a member of that public body, who has a disability as

defined in chapter 87 of this title and:

     (i) Cannot attend meetings of that public body solely by reason of the member's disability;

and

     (ii) Cannot otherwise participate in the meeting without the use of electronic

communication or telephone communication as reasonable accommodation, may participate by use

of electronic communication or telephone communication in accordance with the process below.

     (4) The governor's commission on disabilities is authorized and directed to:

     (i) Establish rules and regulations for determining whether a member of a public body is

not otherwise able to participate in meetings of that public body without the use of electronic

communication or telephone communication as a reasonable accommodation due to that member's

disability;

     (ii) Grant a waiver that allows a member to participate by electronic communication or

telephone communication only if the member's disability would prevent the member from being

physically present at the meeting location, and the use of such communication is the only

reasonable accommodation; and

     (iii) Any waiver decisions shall be a matter of public record.

     (5) The university of Rhode Island board of trustees members, established pursuant to §

16-32-2, are authorized to participate remotely in open public meetings of the board if they are

unable to be physically present at the meeting location; provided, however, that:

     (i) The remote members and all persons present at the meeting location are clearly audible

and visible to each other;

     (ii) A quorum of the body is physically present at the noticed meeting location;

     (iii) If videoconferencing is used to conduct a meeting, the public notice for the meeting

shall inform the public that videoconferencing will be used and include instructions on how the

public can access the virtual meeting; and

     (iv) The board shall adopt rules defining the requirements of remote participation including

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its use for executive session, and the conditions by which a member is authorized to participate

remotely.

     (c) This chapter shall not apply to proceedings of the judicial branch of state government

or probate court or municipal court proceedings in any city or town.

     (d) This chapter shall not prohibit the removal of any person who willfully disrupts a

meeting to the extent that orderly conduct of the meeting is seriously compromised. (The provisions

of subsections (b), (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(3)(i), (b)(3)(ii), (b)(4), (b)(4)(i), (b)(4)(ii), (b)(4)(iii),

(c) and (d) of this section shall be restored on July 1, 2022).

     42-46-6. Notice.

     (a) Annual meeting calendar. All public bodies shall give written notice of their regularly

scheduled meetings at the beginning of each calendar year. The notice shall include the dates, times,

and places of the meetings and shall be provided to members of the public upon request and to the

secretary of state at the beginning of each calendar year in accordance with subsection (f).

     (b) Public bodies shall give supplemental written public notice of any meeting within a

minimum of forty-eight (48) hours, excluding weekends and state holidays in the count of hours,

before the date. This notice shall include the date the notice was posted; the date, time, and place

of the meeting; information on how to attend the meeting by remote public access, if applicable;

and a statement specifying the nature of the business to be discussed. Copies of the notice shall be

maintained by the public body for a minimum of one year. Nothing contained herein shall prevent

a public body, other than a school committee, from adding additional items to the agenda by

majority vote of the members. School committees may, however, add items for informational

purposes only, pursuant to a request, submitted in writing, by a member of the public during the

public comment session of the school committee's meetings. Said informational items may not be

voted upon unless they have been posted in accordance with the provisions of this section. Such

additional items shall be for informational purposes only and may not be voted on except where

necessary to address an unexpected occurrence that requires immediate action to protect the public

or to refer the matter to an appropriate committee or to another body or official.

     (c) Written public notice shall include, but need not be limited to, posting a copy of the

notice at the principal office of the public body holding the meeting, or if no principal office exists,

at the building in which the meeting is to be held, and in at least one other prominent place within

the governmental unit, and electronic filing of the notice with the secretary of state pursuant to

subsection (f); however, nothing contained herein shall prevent a public body from holding an

emergency meeting, upon an affirmative vote of the majority of the members of the body when the

meeting is deemed necessary to address an unexpected occurrence that requires immediate action

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to protect the public. If an emergency meeting is called, a meeting notice and agenda shall be posted

as soon as practicable and shall be electronically filed with the secretary of state pursuant to

subsection (f) and, upon meeting, the public body shall state for the record and minutes why the

matter must be addressed in less than forty-eight (48) hours in accordance with subsection (b) of

this section and only discuss the issue or issues that created the need for an emergency meeting.

Nothing contained herein shall be used in the circumvention of the spirit and requirements of this

chapter.

     (d) Nothing within this chapter shall prohibit any public body, or the members thereof,

from responding to comments initiated by a member of the public during a properly noticed open

forum even if the subject matter of a citizen's comments or discussions were not previously posted,

provided such matters shall be for informational purposes only and may not be voted on except

where necessary to address an unexpected occurrence that requires immediate action to protect the

public or to refer the matter to an appropriate committee or to another body or official. Nothing

contained in this chapter requires any public body to hold an open-forum session to entertain or

respond to any topic nor does it prohibit any public body from limiting comment on any topic at

such an open-forum session. No public body, or the members thereof, may use this section to

circumvent the spirit or requirements of this chapter.

     (e) A school committee may add agenda items not appearing in the published notice

required by this section under the following conditions:

     (1) The revised agenda is electronically filed with the secretary of state pursuant to

subsection (f), and is posted on the school district's website and the two (2) public locations required

by this section at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the meeting in accordance with

subsection (b) of this section;

     (2) The new agenda items were unexpected and could not have been added in time for

newspaper publication;

     (3) Upon meeting, the public body states for the record and minutes why the agenda items

could not have been added in time for newspaper publication and need to be addressed at the

meeting;

     (4) A formal process is available to provide timely notice of the revised agenda to any

person who has requested that notice, and the school district has taken reasonable steps to make the

public aware of this process; and

     (5) The published notice shall include a statement that any changes in the agenda will be

posted on the school district's website and the two (2) public locations required by this section and

will be electronically filed with the secretary of state at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of

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the meeting in accordance with subsection (b) of this section.

     (f) All notices required by this section to be filed with the secretary of state shall be

electronically transmitted to the secretary of state in accordance with rules and regulations that shall

be promulgated by the secretary of state. This requirement of the electronic transmission and filing

of notices with the secretary of state shall take effect one year after this subsection takes effect.

     (g) If a public body fails to transmit notices in accordance with this section, then any

aggrieved person may file a complaint with the attorney general in accordance with § 42-46-8. (The

amendments to this section shall sunset on July 1, 2022).

     42-46-7. Minutes.

     (a) All public bodies shall keep written minutes of all their meetings. The minutes shall

include, but need not be limited to:

     (1) The date, time, and place of the meeting;

     (2) The members of the public body recorded as either present or absent, and for all

members of the public body who are present, record whether attendance is in person or through

teleconferencing or audio/video conferencing technology;

     (3) If held as a virtual meeting or hybrid meeting, indicate how remote public access was

provided;

     (3)(4) A record by individual members of any vote taken; and

     (4)(5) Any other information relevant to the business of the public body that any member

of the public body requests be included or reflected in the minutes.

     (b)(1) A record of all votes taken at all meetings of public bodies, listing how each member

voted on each issue, shall be a public record and shall be available to the public at the office of the

public body within two (2) weeks of the date of the vote. The minutes shall be public records and

unofficial minutes shall be available to the public at the office of the public body within thirty-five

(35) days of the meeting or at the next regularly scheduled meeting, whichever is earlier, except

where the disclosure would be inconsistent with §§ 42-46-4 and 42-46-5 or where the public body

by majority vote extends the time period for the filing of the minutes and publicly states the reason.

     (2) In addition to the provisions of subsection (b)(1), all volunteer fire companies,

associations, fire district companies, or any other organization currently engaged in the mission of

extinguishing fires and preventing fire hazards, whether it is incorporated or not, and whether it is

a paid department or not, shall post unofficial minutes of their meetings within twenty-one (21)

days of the meeting, but not later than seven (7) days prior to the next regularly scheduled meeting,

whichever is earlier, on the secretary of state's website. Except for discussions related to finances,

the provisions of this subsection shall not apply to a volunteer fire company if the matters of the

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volunteer fire company are under the supervision, control, or jurisdiction of another public body.

     (c) The minutes of a closed session shall be made available at the next regularly scheduled

meeting unless the majority of the body votes to keep the minutes closed pursuant to §§ 42-46-4

and 42-46-5.

     (d) All public bodies shall keep official and/or approved minutes of all meetings of the

body and shall file a copy of the minutes of all open meetings with the secretary of state for

inspection by the public within thirty-five (35) days of the meeting; provided that this subsection

shall not apply to public bodies whose responsibilities are solely advisory in nature.

     (e) All minutes and unofficial minutes required by this section to be filed with the secretary

of state shall be electronically transmitted to the secretary of state in accordance with rules and

regulations that shall be promulgated by the secretary of state. If a public body fails to transmit

minutes or unofficial minutes in accordance with this subsection, then any aggrieved person may

file a complaint with the attorney general in accordance with § 42-46-8. (The amendments to this

section shall sunset on July 1, 2022, and the language in effect on January 1, 2022, shall be

restored.)

     SECTION 2. Chapter 42-46 of the General Laws entitled "Open Meetings" is hereby

amended by adding thereto the following sections:

     42-46-15. Virtual participation in meetings by members of the public body (Effective

until July 1, 2022).

     Members of public bodies may participate in meetings subject to this chapter by remote

interactive means through telephone or audio/video conferencing, or similar technology, and such

members shall be included in the quorum. Public bodies shall not deny a member of the public

body who is on active duty in the military or who has a disability as defined in chapter 87 of title

42 the ability to participate remotely in a meeting.

     42-46-16. Public access requirements for meetings of public bodies (Effective until

July 1, 2022).

     (a) There shall be three (3) types of meetings, as defined in § 42-46-2: in-person meetings,

virtual meetings and hybrid meetings. Public bodies may hold meetings subject to this chapter as

any of the three (3) types, subject to the limitations set forth in this section.

     (b) A meeting or portion of a meeting which is held in closed executive session pursuant

to §§ 42-46-4 and 42-46-5 may be held as any of the three (3) types of meetings, without providing

any public access.

     (c) For all virtual meetings and hybrid meetings, public bodies shall provide remote public

access as defined in § 42-46-2.

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     (d) Until a time period of six (6) months after the effective date of this act, public bodies

may hold meetings as any one of the three (3) types of meetings defined in § 42-46-2 except as

follows:

     (1) All city and town councils, all elected and appointed school boards and school

committees, all zoning boards, all planning boards, and all quasi-public boards, agencies and

corporations (as defined in § 42-155-3 and provided for in the findings in § 42-155-2) shall not

have an exclusively in-person meeting. The open meetings of such public bodies shall be either a

hybrid meeting or a virtual meeting; however, unless holding a public hearing, these public bodies

may hold in-person meetings without remote public access for site visits, zoning and planning

workshops, and in-person meetings of subdivisions of these bodies.

     (2) All other public bodies may continue to hold meetings as any one of the three (3) types

of meetings defined in § 42-46-2.

     (e) Nothing herein alters the provisions of § 42-46-6(d) such that this chapter does not grant

the right of public comment to any member of the public where not otherwise provided by statute,

regulation, charter, ordinance, or bylaw.

     (f) If any member of the public body participates in an open meeting in person, the public

body must allow members of the public to attend the meeting in person and permit such attendees

to participate when public comment or testimony is permitted by the public body or required by

law.

     42-46-17. Requirements for access to documents presented or used in open meetings

of public bodies (Effective until July 1, 2022).

     For all open meetings of city and town councils, elected and appointed school boards and

school committees, zoning boards, planning boards, and quasi-public boards, agencies and

corporations (as defined in § 42-155-3 and provided for in the findings in § 42-155-2): the public

body shall make accessible to the public all documents to be reviewed, discussed, considered and/or

voted on at an open meeting that are in its possession by the time the agenda must be posted under

§ 42-46-6(b). Such documents must be accessible to the public on the Internet by the time the open

meeting starts.

     42-46-18. Guidelines for hybrid and virtual open meetings for all public bodies

(Effective until July 1, 2022).

     (a) For hybrid meetings, the public body shall announce the names of any members of the

public body participating remotely.

     (b) During a meeting for which only audio is being provided as the means of remote public

access, public body members should be identified contemporaneous with making their remarks to

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ensure a clear record of the proceedings.

     (c) The public body shall halt the meeting if it becomes aware that the public's ability to

access the meeting through remote public access has been severely impeded, including but not

limited to widespread power failures or widespread internet outages.

     (d) The public body shall take all votes in a manner that all attendees, including those with

only audio remote public access, can clearly identify how each member voted consistent with § 42-

46-7(b)(1).

     (e) The public body shall record any open meeting held as a virtual meeting or hybrid

meeting. The public body shall maintain a copy or access to a copy of the recording for at least two

hundred (200) days from the date of the approval by the public body of the minutes for such

meeting, and the public body shall provide access to open meeting recordings either by posting on

the Internet or by request in accordance with chapter 2 of title 38 ("access to public record").

     42-46-19. Use of electronic communications by and between members of public bodies

(Effective until July 1, 2022).

     The use of electronic communication, including telephonic, text, email, facsimile,

teleconferencing, videoconferencing, instant messaging, social networking/media, or similar means

of communications shall not be used by any member of a public body to circumvent the spirit or

requirement of this chapter; provided, that electronic communication may be used to:

     (1) Participate in a meeting by virtual means as may be permitted by this chapter; and

     (2) Schedule a meeting or determine the availability of members of a public body for the

purpose of conducting a meeting under this chapter.

     42-46-20. Exclusion of judiciary (Effective until July 1, 2022).

     This chapter shall not apply to proceedings of the judicial branch of state government or

probate court or municipal court proceedings in any city or town.

     42-46-21. Disruptive conduct (Effective until July 1, 2022).

     This chapter shall not prohibit the removal of any person who willfully disrupts a meeting

to the extent that orderly conduct of the meeting is seriously compromised.

     42-46-22. Sunset.

     The amendments to § 42-46-2, subsections 42-46-5(b), (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(3)(i),

(b)(3)(ii), (b)(4), (b)(4)(i), (b)(4)(ii), (b)(4)(iii), (c) and (d), and §§ 42-46-6 and 42-46-7 shall

remain effective until July 1, 2022, and as of that date shall become inoperative. Effective July 1,

2022, the language of § 42-46-2, subsections 42-46-5(b), (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(3)(i), (b)(3)(ii),

(b)(4), (b)(4)(i), (b)(4)(ii), (b)(4)(iii), (c) and (d), and §§ 42-46-6 and 42-46-7 shall be restored to

the language in effect on January 1, 2022. Effective July 1, 2022, the language of § 42-46-5(b)(5)(ii)

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shall remain in effect and shall not be restored to the language in effect on January 1, 2022. The

provisions and requirements of §§ 42-46-15 through 42-46-21 shall expire on July 1, 2022.

     SECTION 3. This act shall take effect upon passage.

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EXPLANATION

BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

OF

A N   A C T

RELATING TO STATE AFFAIRS AND GOVERNMENT -- OPEN MEETINGS

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     This act would amend the "open meetings act" to allow public bodies the option to hold in-

person, virtual or hybrid open meetings, and would provide for virtual public access in cases where

a public body chooses to hold a virtual or hybrid open meeting until July 1, 2022 at which time the

amendments would sunset.

     This act would take effect upon passage.

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