2022 -- H 7948

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LC005358

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     STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2022

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A N   A C T

RELATING TO TOWNS AND CITIES -- LOW AND MODERATE INCOME HOUSING

     Introduced By: Representatives Potter, and Speakman

     Date Introduced: March 07, 2022

     Referred To: House Municipal Government & Housing

     It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:

     SECTION 1. Sections 45-53-3 and 45-53-4 of the General Laws in Chapter 45-53 entitled

"Low and Moderate Income Housing" are hereby amended to read as follows:

     45-53-3. Definitions.

     The following words, wherever used in this chapter, unless a different meaning clearly

appears from the context, have the following meanings:

     (1) "Affordable housing plan" means a component of a housing element, as defined in §

45-22.2-4(1), to meet housing needs in a city or town that is prepared in accordance with guidelines

adopted by the state planning council, and/or to meet the provisions of § 45-53-4(b)(1) and (c).

     (2) "Approved affordable housing plan" means an affordable housing plan that has been

approved by the director of administration as meeting the guidelines for the local comprehensive

plan as promulgated by the state planning council; provided, however, that state review and

approval, for plans submitted by December 31, 2004, shall not be contingent on the city or town

having completed, adopted, or amended its comprehensive plan as provided for in § 45-22.2–8, §

45-22.2–9, or § 45-22.2–12.

     (3) “Area median income” means area median income figures as generated by the U.S.

Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD").

     (3)(4) "Comprehensive plan" means a comprehensive plan adopted and approved by a city

or town pursuant to chapters 22.2 and 22.3 of this title.

     (4)(5) "Consistent with local needs" means reasonable in view of the state need for low and

moderate income housing, considered with the number of low income persons in the city or town

affected and the need to protect the health and safety of the occupants of the proposed housing or

of the residence of the city or town, to promote better site and building design in relation to the

surroundings, or to preserve open spaces, and if the local zoning or land use ordinances,

requirements, and regulations are applied as equally as possible to both subsidized and

unsubsidized housing. Local zoning and land use ordinances, requirements, or regulations are

consistent with local needs when imposed by a city or town council after a comprehensive hearing

in a city or town where:

     (i) Low or moderate income housing exists which is: (A) in the case of an urban city or

town which has at least 5,000 occupied year-round rental units and the units, as reported in the

latest decennial census of the city or town, comprise twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the year-

round housing units, and is in excess of fifteen percent (15%) of the total occupied year-round

rental units; or (B) in the case of all other cities or towns, is in excess of ten percent (10%) of the

year-round housing units reported in the census.

     (ii) The city or town has promulgated zoning or land use ordinances, requirements, and

regulations to implement a comprehensive plan which has been adopted and approved pursuant to

chapters 22.2 and 22.3 of this title, and the housing element of the comprehensive plan provides

for low and moderate income housing in excess of either ten percent (10%) of the year-round

housing units or fifteen percent (15%) of the occupied year-round rental housing units as provided

in subdivision (4)(i).

     (iii) Mobile and manufactured homes as defined in chapter 44 of title 31 (“mobile and

manufactured homes”), that are newly constructed on or after July 1, 2022, and that are also HUD-

approved and compliant manufactured structures, may be included in calculating the number of

total year-round housing units that qualify as low and moderate income housing for purposes of

this section. In addition, mobile and manufactured homes which are HUD compliant may be

calculated as a year-round rental unit for the decennial census of a city or town, for purposes of

meeting low and moderate income housing thresholds set forth in this chapter. Provided, mobile

and manufactured homes shall be included and counted as set forth in subsection (5) of this section.

     (iv) Two (2) separate mobile and manufactured homes may be counted as one housing unit

of low or moderate income housing for purposes of calculating low or moderate income housing

pursuant to this chapter; provided that:

     (A) The total income the household occupying the mobile or manufactured home, is less

than fifty percent (50%) of the area median income for the municipality, as calculated by HUD;

     (B) The mobile or manufactured home, if rented or if it is situated on real estate which is

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rented, is subject to a deed restriction of at least ten (10) years in length; and

     (C) The municipality is able to determine and certify that the household income is less than

fifty percent (50%) of the area median income in every year that the municipality seeks to count

the mobile or manufactured home towards meeting the municipality’s low and moderate income

housing requirements.

     (5)(6) "Infeasible" means any condition brought about by any single factor or combination

of factors, as a result of limitations imposed on the development by conditions attached to the

approval of the comprehensive permit, to the extent that it makes it impossible for a public agency,

nonprofit organization, or limited equity housing cooperative to proceed in building or operating

low or moderate income housing without financial loss, within the limitations set by the subsidizing

agency of government, on the size or character of the development, on the amount or nature of the

subsidy, or on the tenants, rentals, and income permissible, and without substantially changing the

rent levels and unit sizes proposed by the public agency, nonprofit organization, or limited equity

housing cooperative.

     (6)(7) "Letter of eligibility" means a letter issued by the Rhode Island housing and

mortgage finance corporation in accordance with § 42-55-5.3(a).

     (7)(8) "Local board" means any town or city official, zoning board of review, planning

board or commission, board of appeal or zoning enforcement officer, local conservation

commission, historic district commission, or other municipal board having supervision of the

construction of buildings or the power of enforcing land use regulations, such as subdivision, or

zoning laws.

     (8)(9) "Local review board" means the planning board as defined by § 45-22.2-4(20), or if

designated by ordinance as the board to act on comprehensive permits for the town, the zoning

board of review established pursuant to § 45-24-56.

     (9)(10) "Low or moderate income housing" means any housing whether built or operated

by any public agency or any nonprofit organization or by any limited equity housing cooperative

or any private developer, that is subsidized by a federal, state, or municipal government subsidy

under any program to assist the construction or rehabilitation of housing affordable to low or

moderate income households, as defined in the applicable federal or state statute, or local ordinance

and that will remain affordable through a land lease and/or deed restriction for ninety-nine (99)

years or such other period that is either agreed to by the applicant and town or prescribed by the

federal, state, or municipal government subsidy program but that is not less than thirty (30) years

from initial occupancy.

     (10)(11) "Meeting housing needs" means adoption of the implementation program of an

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approved affordable housing plan and the absence of unreasonable denial of applications that are

made pursuant to an approved affordable housing plan in order to accomplish the purposes and

expectations of the approved affordable housing plan.

     (11)(12) "Municipal government subsidy" means assistance that is made available through

a city or town program sufficient to make housing affordable, as affordable housing is defined in §

42-128-8.1(d)(1); such assistance may include, but is not limited to, direct financial support,

abatement of taxes, waiver of fees and charges, and approval of density bonuses and/or internal

subsidies, and any combination of forms of assistance.

     45-53-4. Procedure for approval of construction of low or moderate income housing.

     (a) Any applicant proposing to build low or moderate income housing may submit to the

local review board a single application for a comprehensive permit to build that housing in lieu of

separate applications to the applicable local boards. This procedure is only available for proposals

in which at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the housing is low or moderate income housing. The

application and review process for a comprehensive permit shall be as follows:

     (1) Submission requirements. Applications for a comprehensive permit shall include:

     (i) A letter of eligibility issued by the Rhode Island housing mortgage finance corporation,

or in the case of projects primarily funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development or other state or federal agencies, an award letter indicating the subsidy, or

application in such form as may be prescribed for a municipal government subsidy; and

     (ii) A written request to the local review board to submit a single application to build or

rehabilitate low or moderate income housing in lieu of separate applications to the applicable local

boards. The written request shall identify the specific sections and provisions of applicable local

ordinances and regulations from which the applicant is seeking relief; and

     (iii) A proposed timetable for the commencement of construction and completion of the

project; and

     (iv) A sample land lease or deed restriction with affordability liens that will restrict use as

low and moderate income housing in conformance with the guidelines of the agency providing the

subsidy for the low and moderate income housing, but for a period of not less than thirty (30) years;

and

     (v) Identification of an approved entity that will monitor the long-term affordability of the

low and moderate income units; and

     (vi) A financial pro-forma for the proposed development; and

     (vii) For comprehensive permit applications: (A) not involving major land developments

or major subdivisions including, but not limited to, applications seeking relief from specific

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provisions of a local zoning ordinance, or involving administrative subdivisions, minor land

developments or minor subdivisions, or other local ordinances and regulations: those items required

by local regulations promulgated pursuant to applicable state law, with the exception of evidence

of state or federal permits; and for comprehensive permit applications; and (B) involving major

land developments and major subdivisions, unless otherwise agreed to by the applicant and the

town; those items included in the checklist for the master plan in the local regulations promulgated

pursuant to § 45-23-40. Subsequent to master plan approval, the applicant must submit those items

included in the checklist for a preliminary plan for a major land development or major subdivision

project in the local regulations promulgated pursuant to § 45-23-41, with the exception of evidence

of state or federal permits. All required state and federal permits must be obtained prior to the final

plan approval or the issuance of a building permit; and

     (viii) Municipalities may impose fees on comprehensive permit applications that are

consistent with but do not exceed fees that would otherwise be assessed for a project of the same

scope and type but not proceeding under this chapter, provided, however, that the imposition of

such fees shall not preclude a showing by a non-profit applicant that the fees make the project

financially infeasible; and

     (xi) Notwithstanding the submission requirements set forth above, the local review board

may request additional, reasonable documentation throughout the public hearing, including, but not

limited to, opinions of experts, credible evidence of application for necessary federal and/or state

permits, statements and advice from other local boards and officials.

     (2) Certification of completeness. The application must be certified complete or incomplete

by the administrative officer according to the provisions of § 45-23-36; provided, however, that for

a major land development or major subdivision, the certificate for a master plan shall be granted

within thirty (30) days and for a preliminary plan shall be granted within forty-five (45) days. The

running of the time period set forth herein will be deemed stopped upon the issuance of a certificate

of incompleteness of the application by the administrative officer and will recommence upon the

resubmission of a corrected application by the applicant. However, in no event will the

administrative officer be required to certify a corrected submission as complete or incomplete less

than fourteen (14) days after its resubmission. If the administrative officer certifies the application

as incomplete, the officer shall set forth in writing with specificity the missing or incomplete items.

     (3) Pre-application conference. Where the comprehensive permit application proposal is a

major land development project or a major subdivision pursuant to chapter 23 of this title a

municipality may require an applicant proposing a project under this chapter to first schedule a pre-

application conference with the local review board, the technical review committee established

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pursuant to § 45-23-56, or with the administrative officer for the local review board and other local

officials, as appropriate. To request a pre-application conference, the applicant shall submit a short

description of the project in writing including the number of units, type of housing, as well as a

location map. The purpose of the pre-application conference shall be to review a concept plan of

the proposed development. Upon receipt of a request by an applicant for a pre-application

conference, the municipality has thirty (30) days to schedule and hold the pre-application

conference. If thirty (30) days has elapsed from the filing of the pre-application submission and no

pre-application conference has taken place, nothing shall be deemed to preclude an applicant from

thereafter filing and proceeding with an application for a comprehensive permit.

     (4) Review of applications. An application filed in accordance with this chapter shall be

reviewed by the local review board at a public hearing in accordance with the following provisions:

     (i) Notification. Upon issuance of a certificate of completeness for a comprehensive permit,

the local review board shall immediately notify each local board, as applicable, of the filing of the

application, by sending a copy to the local boards and to other parties entitled to notice of hearings

on applications under the zoning ordinance and/or land development and subdivision regulations

as applicable.

     (ii) Public Notice. Public notice for all public hearings will be the same notice required

under local regulations for a public hearing for a preliminary plan promulgated in accordance with

§ 45-23-42. The cost of notice shall be paid by the applicant.

     (iii) Review of minor projects. The review of a comprehensive permit application involving

only minor land developments or minor subdivisions or requesting zoning ordinance relief or relief

from other local regulations or ordinances not otherwise addressed in this subsection, shall be

conducted following the procedures in the applicable local regulations, with the exception that all

minor land developments or minor subdivisions under this section are required to hold a public

hearing on the application, and within ninety-five (95) days of issuance of the certificate of

completeness, or within such further time as is agreed to by the applicant and the local review

board, render a decision.

     (iv) Review of major projects. In the review of a comprehensive permit application

involving a major land development and/or major subdivision, the local review board shall hold a

public hearing on the master plan and shall, within one hundred and twenty (120) days of issuance

of the certification of completeness, or within such further amount of time as may be agreed to by

the local review board and the applicant, render a decision. Preliminary and final plan review shall

be conducted according to local regulations promulgated pursuant to chapter 23 of this title except

as otherwise specified in this section.

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     (v) Required findings. In approving on an application, the local review board shall make

positive findings, supported by legally competent evidence on the record which discloses the nature

and character of the observations upon which the fact finders acted, on each of the following

standard provisions, where applicable:

     (A) The proposed development is consistent with local needs as identified in the local

comprehensive community plan with particular emphasis on the community's affordable housing

plan and/or has satisfactorily addressed the issues where there may be inconsistencies.

     (B) The proposed development is in compliance with the standards and provisions of the

municipality's zoning ordinance and subdivision regulations, and/or where expressly varied or

waived local concerns that have been affected by the relief granted do not outweigh the state and

local need for low and moderate income housing.

     (C) All low and moderate income housing units proposed are integrated throughout the

development; are compatible in scale and architectural style to the market rate units within the

project; and will be built and occupied prior to, or simultaneous with the construction and

occupancy of any market rate units.

     (D) There will be no significant negative environmental impacts from the proposed

development as shown on the final plan, with all required conditions for approval.

     (E) There will be no significant negative impacts on the health and safety of current or

future residents of the community, in areas including, but not limited to, safe circulation of

pedestrian and vehicular traffic, provision of emergency services, sewerage disposal, availability

of potable water, adequate surface water run-off, and the preservation of natural, historical or

cultural features that contribute to the attractiveness of the community.

     (F) All proposed land developments and all subdivisions lots will have adequate and

permanent physical access to a public street in accordance with the requirements of § 45-23-60(5).

     (G) The proposed development will not result in the creation of individual lots with any

physical constraints to development that building on those lots according to pertinent regulations

and building standards would be impracticable, unless created only as permanent open space or

permanently reserved for a public purpose on the approved, recorded plans.

     (vi) The local review board has the same power to issue permits or approvals that any local

board or official who would otherwise act with respect to the application, including, but not limited

to, the power to attach to the permit or approval, conditions, and requirements with respect to

height, site plan, size, or shape, or building materials, as are consistent with the terms of this section.

     (vii) In reviewing the comprehensive permit request, the local review board may deny the

request for any of the following reasons: (A) if city or town has an approved affordable housing

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plan and is meeting housing needs, and the proposal is inconsistent with the affordable housing

plan; (B) the proposal is not consistent with local needs, including, but not limited to, the needs

identified in an approved comprehensive plan, and/or local zoning ordinances and procedures

promulgated in conformance with the comprehensive plan; (C) the proposal is not in conformance

with the comprehensive plan; (D) the community has met or has plans to meet the goal of ten

percent (10%) of the year-round units or, in the case of an urban town or city, fifteen percent (15%)

of the occupied rental housing units as defined in § 45-53-3(2)(i) being low and moderate income

housing; or (E) concerns for the environment and the health and safety of current residents have

not been adequately addressed.

     (viii) All local review board decisions on comprehensive permits shall be by majority vote

of the membership of the board and may be appealed by the applicant to the state housing appeals

board.

     (ix) If the public hearing is not convened or a decision is not rendered within the time

allowed in subsection (a)(4)(iii) and (iv), the application is deemed to have been allowed and the

relevant approval shall issue immediately; provided, however, that this provision shall not apply to

any application remanded for hearing in any town where more than one application has been

remanded for hearing provided for in § 45-53-6(f)(2).

     (x) Any person aggrieved by the issuance of an approval may appeal to the superior court

within twenty (20) days of the issuance of approval.

     (xi) A comprehensive permit shall expire unless construction is started within twelve (12)

months and completed within sixty (60) months of final plan approval unless a longer and/or phased

period for development is agreed to by the local review board and the applicant. Low and moderate

income housing units shall be built and occupied prior to, or simultaneous with the construction

and occupancy of market rate units.

     (xii) A town with an approved affordable housing plan and that is meeting local housing

needs may by council action limit the annual total number of dwelling units in comprehensive

permit applications from for-profit developers to an aggregate of one percent (1%) of the total

number of year-round housing units in the town, as recognized in the affordable housing plan and

notwithstanding the timetables set forth elsewhere in this section, the local review board shall have

the authority to consider comprehensive permit applications from for-profit developers, which are

made pursuant to this paragraph, sequentially in the order in which they are submitted.

     (xiii) The local review board of a town with an approved affordable housing plan shall

report the status of implementation to the housing resources commission, including the disposition

of any applications made under the plan, as of June 30, 2006, by September 1, 2006 and for each

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June 30 thereafter by September 1 through 2010. The housing resources commission shall prepare

by October 15 and adopt by December 31, a report on the status of implementation, which shall be

submitted to the governor, the speaker, the president of the senate and the chairperson of the state

housing appeals board, and shall find which towns are not in compliance with implementation

requirements.

     (xiv) Notwithstanding the provisions of § 45-53-4 in effect on February 13, 2004, to

commence hearings within thirty (30) days of receiving an application remanded by the state

housing appeals board pursuant to § 45-53-6(f)(2) shall be heard as herein provided; in any town

with more than one remanded application, applications may be scheduled for hearing in the order

in which they were received, and may be taken up sequentially, with the thirty (30) day requirement

for the initiation of hearings, commencing upon the decision of the earlier filed application.

     (b)(1) The general assembly finds and declares that in January 2004 towns throughout

Rhode Island have been confronted by an unprecedented volume and complexity of development

applications as a result of private for-profit developers using the provisions of this chapter and that

in order to protect the public health and welfare in communities and to provide sufficient time to

establish a reasonable and orderly process for the consideration of applications made under the

provisions of this chapter, and to have communities prepare plans to meet low and moderate income

housing goals, that it is necessary to impose a moratorium on the use of comprehensive permit

applications as herein provided by private for-profit developers; a moratorium is hereby imposed

on the use of the provisions of this chapter by private for-profit developers, which moratorium shall

be effective on passage and shall expire on January 31, 2005 and may be revisited prior to expiration

and extended to such other date as may be established by law. Notwithstanding the provisions of

subsection (a) of this section, private for-profit developers may not utilize the procedure of this

chapter until the expiration of the moratorium.

     (2) No for-profit developer shall submit a new application for comprehensive permits until

July 1, 2005, except by mutual agreement with the local review board.

     (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (b)(2) of this section, a local review

board in a town which has submitted a plan in accordance with subsection (c) of this section, shall

not be required to accept an application for a new comprehensive permit from a for-profit developer

until October 1, 2005.

     (c) Towns and cities that are not in conformity with the provisions of § 45-53-3(2)(i) shall

prepare by December 31, 2004, a comprehensive plan housing element for low and moderate

income housing as specified by § 45-53-3(2)(ii), consistent with applicable law and regulation.

That the secretary of the planning board or commission of each city or town subject to the

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requirements of this paragraph shall report in writing the status of the preparation of the housing

element for low and moderate income housing on or before June 30, 2004, and on or before

December 31, 2004, to the secretary of the state planning council, to the chair of the house

committee on corporations and to the chair of the senate committee on commerce, housing and

municipal government. The state housing appeals board shall use said plan elements in making

determinations provided for in § 45-53-6(b)(2).

     (d) If any provision of this section or the application thereof shall for any reason be judged

invalid, such judgment shall not affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder of this section or of any

other provision of this chapter, but shall be confined in its effect to the provision or application

directly involved in the controversy giving rise to the judgment, and a moratorium on the

applications of for-profit developers pursuant to this chapter shall remain and continue to be in

effect for the period commencing on the day this section becomes law [February 13, 2004] and

continue until it shall expire on January 31, 2005, or until amended further.

     (e) In planning for, awarding and otherwise administering programs and funds for housing

and for community development, state departments, agencies, boards and commissions, public

corporations, as defined in chapter 18 of title 35, shall among the towns subject to the provision of

§ 45-53-3(ii) give priority to the maximum extent allowable by law, to towns with an approved

affordable housing plan. The director of administration shall adopt not later than January 31, 2005,

regulations to implement the provisions of this section.

     (f) Mobile and manufactured homes may be included and counted as low and moderate

income housing units, subject to the definitions and limitations set forth in §§ 45-53-3 and 45-53-

3.1.

     SECTION 2. Chapter 45-53 of the General Laws entitled "Low and Moderate Income

Housing" is hereby amended by adding thereto the following section:

     45-53-3.1. Formula to determine additional units as low and moderate income

housing.

     (a) In calculating the number of year-round housing units towards meeting the goals of an

excess of ten percent (10%) of the year-round housing units or an excess of fifteen percent (15%)

of the total year-round rental units required pursuant to § 45-53-4, households with certain area

median incomes may be counted towards meeting the low and moderate income requirements as

follows:

Household income as a percent

Percent of Area Median Income (AMI): How much the household can be counted

as a low and moderate income housing unit:

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120% AMI 0.5 Units

100% AMI 0.75

80% AMI (Rental only) 0.75

80% AMI (Home ownership) 1.0

60% AMI 1.5

50% AMI and below (except mobile and manufactured homes) 2.0

     (b) Provided, mobile and manufactured homes may be included and counted as low and

moderate income housing units pursuant to the definitions and limitations set forth in § 45-53-3.

     SECTION 3. This act shall take effect upon passage.

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EXPLANATION

BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

OF

A N   A C T

RELATING TO TOWNS AND CITIES -- LOW AND MODERATE INCOME HOUSING

***

     This act would allow mobile and manufactured homes to be included and counted as low

and moderate income housing units pursuant to the definitions and limitations set forth in § 45-53-

3.

     This act would take effect upon passage.

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