2023 -- S 0398

========

LC000949

========

     STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2023

____________

A N   A C T

RELATING TO DOMESTIC RELATIONS -- DIVORCE AND SEPARATION

     Introduced By: Senator Thomas J. Paolino

     Date Introduced: February 16, 2023

     Referred To: Senate Judiciary

     It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:

     SECTION 1. Section 15-5-16.2 of the General Laws in Chapter 15-5 entitled "Divorce and

Separation" is hereby amended to read as follows:

     15-5-16.2. Child support.

     (a) In a proceeding for divorce, divorce from bed and board, a miscellaneous petition

without the filing of divorce proceedings, or child support, the court shall order either or both

parents owing a duty of support to a child to pay an amount based upon a formula and guidelines

adopted by an administrative order of the family court. If, after calculating support based upon

court established formula and guidelines, the court, in its discretion, finds the order would be

inequitable to the child or either parent, the court shall make findings of fact and shall order either

or both parents owing a duty of support to pay an amount reasonable or necessary for the child’s

support after considering all relevant factors including, but not limited to:

     (1) The financial resources of the child;

     (2) The financial resources of the custodial parent;

     (3) The standard of living the child would have enjoyed had the marriage not been

dissolved;

     (4) The physical and emotional condition of the child and his or her educational needs; and

     (5) The financial resources and needs of the noncustodial parent, provided, that in

establishing a child support order, incarceration may not be treated as voluntary unemployment.

     (b) The court may, if in its discretion it deems it necessary or advisable, order child support

and education costs for children attending high school at the time of their eighteenth (18th) birthday

and for ninety (90) days after graduation, but in no case beyond their nineteenth (19th) birthday. If,

however, any children are attending a two (2) year or four (4) year college and the children still

live with the custodial parent, a court, in its discretion, may order the child support extended until

age twenty-one (21).

     Notwithstanding the foregoing, the court, in its discretion, may order child support, in the

case of a child with a severe physical or mental impairment still living with or under the care of a

parent, beyond the child’s emancipation as defined above. The court shall consider the following

factors when making its determination: (1) The nature and extent of the disability; (2) The cost of

the extraordinary medical expenses; (3) The ability of the child to earn income; (4) The financial

resources of the child; (5) The financial resources of the parents; (6) The inability of the primary

caregiver of the child to sustain gainful employment on a full-time basis due to the care necessitated

by the child. The onset of the disability must have occurred prior to the emancipation event. If a

child support order for a child with a severe physical or mental impairment has been terminated,

suspended, or expired, the court shall consider the factors in this paragraph and has the discretion

to order child support for this child prospectively based upon established child support guidelines.

The court may periodically review the case to determine if circumstances warrant the continuation

of child support.

     (c)(1) The court may, if in its discretion it deems it necessary or advisable, appoint an

attorney or a guardian ad litem to represent the interest of a minor or dependent child with respect

to his or her support, custody, and visitation.

     (i) In determining whether an appointment should be made, the court shall consider the

extent to which a guardian ad litem may assist in providing information concerning the best interest

of the child; the age of the child; the wishes of the parents, as well as their financial resources; the

nature of the proceeding including the level of contentiousness, allegations of child abuse, or

domestic violence and the risk of harm to the child if a guardian is not appointed; or conflicts of

interest between the child and parents or siblings;

     (ii) The guardian ad litem shall be appointed from a list of persons properly credentialed

pursuant to administrative orders of the chief judge of the family court;

     (iii) The court shall enter an order of appointment stating the specific assignment, the

optional and mandatory duties of the guardian ad litem, the guardian’s access to the child and

confidential information regarding the child, and a provision for payment of the costs and fees of

the guardian ad litem;

     (iv) Communications made to a guardian, including those made by a child, are not

LC000949 - Page 2 of 9

privileged and may or may not be disclosed to the parties, the court, or to professionals providing

services to the child or the family;

     (v) The guardian ad litem shall meet with the child, conduct an investigation, and upon

request of the court, shall prepare an oral or written report that contains the procedural background

of the case, identification of all persons interviewed and other sources of information, a statement

of the child’s emotional, medical, educational, and social service needs, the child’s wishes, and

other factors relevant to the court’s determination regarding the best interests of the child;

     (vi) Any written report of the guardian ad litem shall be marked as a full exhibit in the

proceedings, subject to cross-examination;

     (vii) If the guardian ad litem requests confidential healthcare information and consent is

withheld, he or she shall apply to the court for leave to obtain such information after compliance

with § 5-37.3-6.1;

     (viii) The guardian ad litem shall be given notice of and should appear at all proceedings

in family court that affect the interests of the child;

     (ix) A person serving as a guardian ad litem under this section acts as the court’s agent and

is entitled to quasi-judicial immunity for acts performed within the scope of the duties of the

guardian ad litem;

     (x) The chief judge of the family court shall issue, through administrative orders, rules

governing the appointment and performance of guardians ad litem in domestic proceedings.

     (2) After a decree for support has been entered, the court may, from time to time upon the

petition of either party, or by the state in accordance with subsection (c)(3) of this section, review

and alter its decree relative to the amount of support and the payment of it, and may make any

decree relative to it that it might have made in the original suit. The decree may be made retroactive

in the court’s discretion only to the date that notice of a petition to modify was given to the adverse

party if the court finds that a substantial change in circumstances has occurred; provided, that the

court shall set forth in its decision the specific findings of fact that show a substantial change in

circumstances and upon which findings of facts the court has decided to make the decree

retroactive. In modifying the order, incarceration may not be treated as voluntary unemployment

that would prevent the motion from being heard or result in a denial of the motion. The child support

order shall continue in full force and effect, by wage withholding, after the youngest child is

emancipated, and shall be applied towards any arrearage due and owing, as indicated on the child-

support computer system. Upon satisfaction of the arrears due and owing the child-support order

shall be automatically suspended and wage withholding terminated without the necessity of

returning to family court.

LC000949 - Page 3 of 9

     (3) When the department of human services, office of child support services, becomes

aware of the fact, through an electronic data exchange of information with the department of

corrections, or by any other means, that the noncustodial parent is or will be incarcerated for one

hundred eighty (180) days or more, the department may automatically file a motion to modify or a

motion for relief, to be heard before the court via a video conference hearing or other type of

hearing. A specific request for the filing of this motion need not be made in writing or otherwise

by the incarcerated, noncustodial parent, but the parent shall be notified of the hearing and provided

a meaningful opportunity to respond. The court shall schedule a hearing to determine the

noncustodial parent’s ability to pay, taking into consideration the assets and financial resources and

any benefits the noncustodial parent may be receiving, the length of the sentence, and shall modify

or suspend all child support orders, after setting forth in its decision specific findings of fact that

show circumstances upon which the court has decided to modify or suspend all child support orders

during the period of incarceration. Upon the obligor’s release, the department of human services,

office of child support services, shall file a motion for support, and a hearing shall be scheduled to

determine the obligor’s ability to begin paying child support pursuant to the child support

guidelines in effect. This section does not apply to those individuals who are serving a sentence for

criminal nonsupport in state or federal prison, or who are found to be in civil contempt for failure

to pay child support and incarcerated for that reason.

     (d)(1) In a proceeding to enforce a child support order, or a spousal support order for a

custodial parent having custody of a minor child, the court or its magistrate may assign to the

obligee such tangible personal property of the obligor that will be sufficient to satisfy the child or

spousal support arrearage owed. The court or its magistrate, after a hearing, shall establish the

amount of the child or spousal support arrearage, and the nature and value of the tangible personal

property. To effect the assignment, the court or its magistrate may order the obligor to execute and

deliver the documents of title that may be necessary to complete the transfer of title to the property,

and may order the obligor to deliver possession of the property to the obligee. Whenever the obligor

fails to comply with the order assigning the property, the order of assignment shall be regarded as

a judgment vesting title to the property in the obligor as fully and completely as if the obligor had

executed and delivered the documents of title.

     (2) Any order for child support issued by the family court shall contain a provision

requiring either or both parents owing a duty of support to a child to obtain health insurance

coverage for the child when coverage is available to the parent or parents through their employment

without cost or at a reasonable cost. “Reasonable cost” shall be defined in accordance with

guidelines adopted by administrative order of the family court in conjunction with the child support

LC000949 - Page 4 of 9

guidelines.

     (3) Any existing child support orders may be modified in accordance with this subsection

unless the court makes specific written findings of fact that take into consideration the best interests

of the child and conclude that a child support order or medical order would be unjust or

inappropriate in a particular case.

     (4) In addition, the national medical support notice shall be issued with respect to all orders

issued, enforced, or modified on or after October 1, 2002, in accordance with chapter 29 of title 15.

The notice shall inform the employer of provisions in the child support order, for healthcare

coverage for the child, and contain instructions on how to implement this coverage. In lieu of the

court ordering the noncustodial parent to obtain or maintain healthcare coverage for the child, the

court may order the noncustodial parent to contribute a weekly cash amount towards the medical

premium for healthcare coverage paid by the state of Rhode Island and/or the custodial parent. The

method to determine a reasonable weekly amount shall be addressed in the family court

administrative order pertaining to the child support guidelines.

     (e) In a proceeding to establish support, the court in its discretion may, after opportunity

for a hearing, issue a temporary order for child support payable into the registry of the court and to

be held pending entry of judgment. In the event of a final adjudication requiring no payment or

payments in an amount less than those payments that have been made pursuant to a temporary order

under this section, the defendant shall be entitled to a refund of all or a portion of the amounts paid.

     (f) In any proceeding to establish support, or in any case in which an obligor owes past-

due support, for a child or children receiving public assistance pursuant to chapter 5.1 of title 40,

the court or its magistrate, upon a finding that an able-bodied absent parent obligor is unemployed,

underemployed, or lacks sufficient income or resources from which to make payment of support

equal to the public assistance payment for the child or children, or is unable to pay the arrearages

in accordance with a payment plan, may order that parent to perform unpaid community service for

at least twenty (20) hours per week through community service placements arranged and supervised

by the department of human services or to participate in any work activities that the court deems

appropriate. The performance of community service shall not be a basis for retroactive suspension

of arrears due and owing.

     (g)(1) In any proceeding to establish support for a minor child whose adjudicated parent is

a minor (minor-parent), the court or its magistrate may order a grandparent of the minor child to

reimburse the department of human services in an amount not to exceed the total amount of cash

assistance benefits paid to or for the minor child pursuant to chapter 5.1 of title 40 until the minor-

parent reaches the age of eighteen (18), less any payment made to the department by the minor

LC000949 - Page 5 of 9

parent.

     (2) The obligation of reimbursement for the minor child shall be the joint and several

responsibility of the minor parent and the grandparent(s) until the minor parent reaches the age of

eighteen (18); provided, that each joint obligor shall have a right of contribution against each joint

obligor, which right shall be enforceable by an action in the family court.

     (h)(1) All support orders established or modified in the state on or after October 1, 1998,

shall be recorded with the Rhode Island family court department of human services child-support-

enforcement computer system, which maintains the official registry of support orders entered in

accordance with applicable administrative orders issued by the Rhode Island family court. The

support order shall be recorded whether or not services are being provided under the IV-D state

plan.

     (2) The obligee to a paternity or child support proceeding shall be required to file with the

family court, upon the entry of the order, the appropriate form as provided by family court that

includes the full name of the parties, residential and mailing address, telephone number, drivers

license number, social security number, and the name, address, and telephone number of the

employer. The form shall also include the full order amount and date and amount of arrearages if

any, the name of the child(ren), their date of birth, address, social security number, and any other

information as required by administrative order.

     (3) After this, each party is required to file an amended form, whenever any of the

information contained on the original form has been changed in any way, within ten (10) days of

the change. The information shall be entered in the child-support-enforcement computer system

within five (5) business days of receipt of the amended form.

     (i) In any subsequent child-support-enforcement action between the parties, upon sufficient

showing that diligent effort has been made to ascertain the location of such a party, the court may

deem state due process requirements for notice and service of process to be met with respect to the

party, upon service by first class mail or, where appropriate, by service as specified in the Rhode

Island rules of procedure for domestic relations for the family court of Rhode Island, of written

notice to the most recent residential or employer address of record.

     [See § 12-1-15 of the General Laws.]

     SECTION 2. Section 15-9-1 of the General Laws in Chapter 15-9 entitled "Support of

Children [See Title 16 Chapter 97 — The Rhode Island Board of Education Act]" is hereby

amended to read as follows:

     15-9-1. Duty of parent to pay support and maintenance to the agency or person having

custody of the child.

LC000949 - Page 6 of 9

     (a) Whenever the department of children, youth and families shall pay for the support and

maintenance of any child pursuant to §§ 42-72-13 and 42-72-14, or whenever another department,

agency, society, institution, or person having the charge, care, or custody of a child shall pay for

the support and maintenance of the child, the court shall order either or both parents owing a duty

of support to a child to pay an amount based upon a formula and guidelines adopted by an

administrative order of the family court. If, after calculating support based upon court established

formula and guidelines, the court, in its discretion, finds the proposed order would be inequitable

to the child or either parent, the court shall make findings of fact and shall order either or both

parents owing a duty of support to pay an amount reasonable or necessary for the child’s support

after considering all relevant factors, including, but not limited to:

     (1) The financial resources of the child;

     (2) The financial resources of the custodial parent;

     (3) The standard of living the child would have enjoyed had the marriage not been

dissolved;

     (4) The physical and emotional condition of the child and his or her educational needs; and

     (5) The financial resources and needs of the non-custodial parent.

     (b) If it deems necessary or advisable, the court may order child support and education

costs for children attending high school at the time of their eighteenth (18th) birthday and for ninety

(90) days after graduation, but in no case beyond their nineteenth (19th) birthday. If, however, any

children are attending a two (2) year or four (4) year college, and the children still live with the

custodial parent, a court, in its discretion, may order the child support extended until age twenty-

one (21). In addition, the court may order the support of a child with a severe physical or mental

impairment to continue until the twenty-first (21st) birthday of the child.

     (c) After a decree for support has been entered and upon the petition of either party, the

court may review and alter its decree relative to the amount and payment of support. If the court

finds that a substantial change in circumstances has occurred, the decree may be made retroactive

to the date that notice of a petition to modify was given to the adverse party. In such a case the

court shall set forth in its decision the specific findings of fact which show a substantial change in

circumstances and why the decree should be made retroactive.

     (d) Any order for child support issued by the family court shall contain a provision

requiring either or both parents owing a duty of support to a child to obtain health insurance

coverage for the child when such coverage is available to the parent or parents through their

employment without cost or at a reasonable cost. “Reasonable cost” shall be defined in accordance

with guidelines adopted by administrative order of the family court in conjunction with the child

LC000949 - Page 7 of 9

support guidelines.

     (e) Any existing child support orders may be modified in accordance with this section

unless the court makes specific written findings of fact that take into consideration the best interests

of the child and conclude that a child support order or medical order would be unjust or

inappropriate in a particular case.

     (f) In addition, the national medical support notice shall be issued with respect to all orders

issued, enforced, or modified on or after October 1, 2002, in accordance with chapter 29 of this

title. The notice shall inform the employer of provisions in the child support order for health care

coverage for the child and of the method to implement this coverage. In lieu of the court ordering

the non-custodial parent to obtain or maintain health care coverage for the child, the court may

order the non-custodial parent to contribute a weekly cash amount towards the medical premium

for health care coverage paid by the state of Rhode Island and/or the custodial parent. The method

to determine a reasonable weekly amount shall be addressed in a family court administrative order

pertaining to the child support guidelines.

     (g) All support orders established or modified in the state on or after October 1, 1998, shall

be recorded with the Rhode Island family court/department of administration, division of taxation

child support computer enforcement system. The system maintains the official registry of support

orders entered in accordance with applicable administrative orders issued by the Rhode Island

family court.

     (h) In any subsequent child support enforcement action between the parties, upon sufficient

showing that a diligent effort has been made to ascertain the location of such a party, the court may

allow for notice and service of process to be made by first class mail or by service of written notice

to the most recent residential or employer address of record, as specified in the Rhode Island rules

of procedure for domestic relations for the Family Court of Rhode Island.

     (i) The department of children, youth, and families shall not seek child support for services

to the child which are special education services as defined under state and federal law and pursuant

to the regulations of the board of regents for elementary and secondary education governing the

special education of students with disabilities, section two, I., 1.0-4.11 and 34 C.F.R. Part 300.

     SECTION 3. This act shall take effect upon passage.

========

LC000949

========

LC000949 - Page 8 of 9

EXPLANATION

BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

OF

A N   A C T

RELATING TO DOMESTIC RELATIONS -- DIVORCE AND SEPARATION

***

     This act would allow for the extension of child support obligations for non-custodial

parents beyond emancipation if the children are attending a two (2) or four (4) year college and still

live with the custodial parent until such children reach the age of twenty-one (21).

     This act would take effect upon passage.

========

LC000949

========

LC000949 - Page 9 of 9