Title 27
Insurance

Chapter 50
Small Employer Health Insurance Availability Act

§ 27-50-7. Availability of coverage.

(a) Until October 1, 2004, for purposes of this section, “small employer” includes any person, firm, corporation, partnership, association, or political subdivision that is actively engaged in business that on at least fifty percent (50%) of its working days during the preceding calendar quarter, employed a combination of no more than fifty (50) and no less than two (2) eligible employees and part-time employees, the majority of whom were employed within this state, and is not formed primarily for purposes of buying health insurance and in which a bona fide employer-employee relationship exists. After October 1, 2004, for the purposes of this section, “small employer” has the meaning used in § 27-50-3.

(b)(1) Every small employer carrier shall, as a condition of transacting business in this state with small employers, actively offer to small employers all health benefit plans it actively markets to small employers in this state including a wellness health benefit plan. A small employer carrier shall be considered to be actively marketing a health benefit plan if it offers that plan to any small employer not currently receiving a health benefit plan from the small employer carrier.

(2) Subject to subsection (b)(1) of this section, a small employer carrier shall issue any health benefit plan to any eligible small employer that applies for that plan and agrees to make the required premium payments and to satisfy the other reasonable provisions of the health benefit plan not inconsistent with this chapter. However, no carrier is required to issue a health benefit plan to any self-employed individual who is covered by, or is eligible for coverage under, a health benefit plan offered by an employer.

(c)(1) A small employer carrier shall file with the director, in a format and manner prescribed by the director, the health benefit plans to be used by the carrier. A health benefit plan filed pursuant to this subsection (c)(1) may be used by a small employer carrier beginning thirty (30) days after it is filed unless the director disapproves its use.

(2) The director may at any time, after providing notice and an opportunity for a hearing to the small employer carrier, disapprove the continued use by a small employer carrier of a health benefit plan on the grounds that the plan does not meet the requirements of this chapter.

(d) Health benefit plans covering small employers shall comply with the following provisions:

(1) A health benefit plan shall not deny, exclude, or limit benefits for a covered individual for losses incurred more than six (6) months following the enrollment date of the individual’s coverage due to a preexisting condition, or the first date of the waiting period for enrollment if that date is earlier than the enrollment date. A health benefit plan shall not define a preexisting condition more restrictively than as defined in § 27-50-3.

(2)(i) Except as provided in subsection (d)(3) of this section, a small employer carrier shall reduce the period of any preexisting condition exclusion by the aggregate of the periods of creditable coverage without regard to the specific benefits covered during the period of creditable coverage, provided that the last period of creditable coverage ended on a date not more than ninety (90) days prior to the enrollment date of new coverage.

(ii) The aggregate period of creditable coverage does not include any waiting period or affiliation period for the effective date of the new coverage applied by the employer or the carrier, or for the normal application and enrollment process following employment or other triggering event for eligibility.

(iii) A carrier that does not use preexisting condition limitations in any of its health benefit plans may impose an affiliation period that:

(A) Does not exceed sixty (60) days for new entrants and not to exceed ninety (90) days for late enrollees;

(B) During which the carrier charges no premiums and the coverage issued is not effective; and

(C) Is applied uniformly, without regard to any health status-related factor.

(iv) This section does not preclude application of any waiting period applicable to all new enrollees under the health benefit plan, provided that any carrier-imposed waiting period is no longer than sixty (60) days.

(3)(i) Instead of as provided in subsection (d)(2)(i) of this section, a small employer carrier may elect to reduce the period of any preexisting condition exclusion based on coverage of benefits within each of several classes or categories of benefits specified in federal regulations.

(ii) A small employer electing to reduce the period of any preexisting condition exclusion using the alternative method described in subsection (d)(3)(i) of this section shall:

(A) Make the election on a uniform basis for all enrollees; and

(B) Count a period of creditable coverage with respect to any class or category of benefits if any level of benefits is covered within the class or category.

(iii) A small employer carrier electing to reduce the period of any preexisting condition exclusion using the alternative method described under subsection (d)(3)(i) of this section shall:

(A) Prominently state that the election has been made in any disclosure statements concerning coverage under the health benefit plan to each enrollee at the time of enrollment under the plan and to each small employer at the time of the offer or sale of the coverage; and

(B) Include in the disclosure statements the effect of the election.

(4)(i) A health benefit plan shall accept late enrollees, but may exclude coverage for late enrollees for preexisting conditions for a period not to exceed twelve (12) months.

(ii) A small employer carrier shall reduce the period of any preexisting condition exclusion pursuant to subsection (d)(2) or (d)(3) of this section.

(5) A small employer carrier shall not impose a preexisting condition exclusion:

(i) Relating to pregnancy as a preexisting condition; or

(ii) With regard to a child who is covered under any creditable coverage within thirty (30) days of birth, adoption, or placement for adoption, provided that the child does not experience a significant break in coverage, and provided that the child was adopted or placed for adoption before attaining eighteen (18) years of age.

(6) A small employer carrier shall not impose a preexisting condition exclusion in the case of a condition for which medical advice, diagnosis, care, or treatment was recommended or received for the first time while the covered person held creditable coverage, and the medical advice, diagnosis, care, or treatment was a covered benefit under the plan, provided that the creditable coverage was continuous to a date not more than ninety (90) days prior to the enrollment date of the new coverage.

(7)(i) A small employer carrier shall permit an employee or a dependent of the employee, who is eligible, but not enrolled, to enroll for coverage under the terms of the group health plan of the small employer during a special enrollment period if:

(A) The employee or dependent was covered under a group health plan or had coverage under a health benefit plan at the time coverage was previously offered to the employee or dependent;

(B) The employee stated in writing at the time coverage was previously offered that coverage under a group health plan or other health benefit plan was the reason for declining enrollment, but only if the plan sponsor or carrier, if applicable, required that statement at the time coverage was previously offered and provided notice to the employee of the requirement and the consequences of the requirement at that time;

(C) The employee’s or dependent’s coverage described under subsection (d)(7)(i)(A) of this section:

(I) Was under a COBRA continuation provision and the coverage under this provision has been exhausted; or

(II) Was not under a COBRA continuation provision and that other coverage has been terminated as a result of loss of eligibility for coverage, including as a result of a legal separation, divorce, death, termination of employment, or reduction in the number of hours of employment or employer contributions towards that other coverage have been terminated; and

(D) Under terms of the group health plan, the employee requests enrollment not later than thirty (30) days after the date of exhaustion of coverage described in subsection (d)(7)(i)(C)(I) of this section or termination of coverage or employer contribution described in subsection (d)(7)(i)(C)(II) of this section.

(ii) If an employee requests enrollment pursuant to subsection (d)(7)(i)(D) of this section, the enrollment is effective not later than the first day of the first calendar month beginning after the date the completed request for enrollment is received.

(8)(i) A small employer carrier that makes coverage available under a group health plan with respect to a dependent of an individual shall provide for a dependent special enrollment period described in subsection (d)(8)(ii) of this section during which the person or, if not enrolled, the individual may be enrolled under the group health plan as a dependent of the individual and, in the case of the birth or adoption of a child, the spouse of the individual may be enrolled as a dependent of the individual if the spouse is eligible for coverage if:

(A) The individual is a participant under the health benefit plan or has met any waiting period applicable to becoming a participant under the plan and is eligible to be enrolled under the plan, but for a failure to enroll during a previous enrollment period; and

(B) A person becomes a dependent of the individual through marriage, birth, or adoption or placement for adoption.

(ii) The special enrollment period for individuals that meet the provisions of subsection (d)(8)(i) of this section is a period of not less than thirty (30) days and begins on the later of:

(A) The date dependent coverage is made available; or

(B) The date of the marriage, birth, or adoption or placement for adoption described in subsection (d)(8)(i)(B) of this section.

(iii) If an individual seeks to enroll a dependent during the first thirty (30) days of the dependent special enrollment period described under subsection (d)(8)(ii) of this section, the coverage of the dependent is effective:

(A) In the case of marriage, not later than the first day of the first month beginning after the date the completed request for enrollment is received;

(B) In the case of a dependent’s birth, as of the date of birth; and

(C) In the case of a dependent’s adoption or placement for adoption, the date of the adoption or placement for adoption.

(9)(i) Except as provided in this subdivision, requirements used by a small employer carrier in determining whether to provide coverage to a small employer, including requirements for minimum participation of eligible employees and minimum employer contributions, shall be applied uniformly among all small employers applying for coverage or receiving coverage from the small employer carrier.

(ii) For health benefit plans issued or renewed on or after October 1, 2000, a small employer carrier shall not require a minimum participation level greater than seventy-five percent (75%) of eligible employees.

(iii) In applying minimum participation requirements with respect to a small employer, a small employer carrier shall not consider employees or dependents who have creditable coverage in determining whether the applicable percentage of participation is met.

(iv) A small employer carrier shall not increase any requirement for minimum employee participation or modify any requirement for minimum employer contribution applicable to a small employer at any time after the small employer has been accepted for coverage.

(10)(i) If a small employer carrier offers coverage to a small employer, the small employer carrier shall offer coverage to all of the eligible employees of a small employer and their dependents who apply for enrollment during the period in which the employee first becomes eligible to enroll under the terms of the plan. A small employer carrier shall not offer coverage to only certain individuals or dependents in a small employer group or to only part of the group.

(ii) A small employer carrier shall not place any restriction in regard to any health status-related factor on an eligible employee or dependent with respect to enrollment or plan participation.

(iii) Except as permitted under subsections (d)(1) and (d)(4) of this section, a small employer carrier shall not modify a health benefit plan with respect to a small employer or any eligible employee or dependent, through riders, endorsements, or otherwise, to restrict or exclude coverage or benefits for specific diseases, medical conditions, or services covered by the plan.

(e)(1) Subject to subsection (e)(3) of this section, a small employer carrier is not required to offer coverage or accept applications pursuant to subsection (b) of this section in the case of the following:

(i) To a small employer, where the small employer does not have eligible individuals who live, work, or reside in the established geographic service area for the network plan;

(ii) To an employee, when the employee does not live, work, or reside within the carrier’s established geographic service area; or

(iii) Within an area where the small employer carrier reasonably anticipates, and demonstrates to the satisfaction of the director, that it will not have the capacity within its established geographic service area to deliver services adequately to enrollees of any additional groups because of its obligations to existing group policyholders and enrollees.

(2) A small employer carrier that cannot offer coverage pursuant to subsection (e)(1)(iii) of this section may not offer coverage in the applicable area to new cases of employer groups until the later of one hundred and eighty (180) days following each refusal or the date on which the carrier notifies the director that it has regained capacity to deliver services to new employer groups.

(3) A small employer carrier shall apply the provisions of this subsection (e) uniformly to all small employers without regard to the claims experience of a small employer and its employees and their dependents or any health status-related factor relating to the employees and their dependents.

(f)(1) A small employer carrier is not required to provide coverage to small employers pursuant to subsection (b) of this section if:

(i) For any period of time the director determines the small employer carrier does not have the financial reserves necessary to underwrite additional coverage; and

(ii) The small employer carrier is applying this subsection (f) uniformly to all small employers in the small group market in this state consistent with applicable state law and without regard to the claims experience of a small employer and its employees and their dependents or any health status-related factor relating to the employees and their dependents.

(2) A small employer carrier that denies coverage in accordance with subsection (f)(1) of this section may not offer coverage in the small group market for the later of:

(i) A period of one hundred and eighty (180) days after the date the coverage is denied; or

(ii) Until the small employer has demonstrated to the director that it has sufficient financial reserves to underwrite additional coverage.

(g)(1) A small employer carrier is not required to provide coverage to small employers pursuant to subsection (b) of this section if the small employer carrier elects not to offer new coverage to small employers in this state.

(2) A small employer carrier that elects not to offer new coverage to small employers under this subsection (g) may be allowed, as determined by the director, to maintain its existing policies in this state.

(3) A small employer carrier that elects not to offer new coverage to small employers under subsection (g)(1) of this section shall provide at least one hundred and twenty (120) days’ notice of its election to the director and is prohibited from writing new business in the small employer market in this state for a period of five (5) years beginning on the date the carrier ceased offering new coverage in this state.

(h) No small group carrier may impose a preexisting condition exclusion pursuant to the provisions of subsections (d)(1), (d)(2), (d)(3), (d)(4), (d)(5), and (d)(6) of this section with regard to an individual that is less than nineteen (19) years of age. With respect to health benefit plans issued on and after January 1, 2014, a small employer carrier shall offer and issue coverage to small employers and eligible individuals notwithstanding any preexisting condition of an employee, member, or individual, or their dependents.